Klochkov Vladlen, Chan Chi-Ming, Lin Wan-Wan
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan.
Biomedicines. 2024 Nov 2;12(11):2512. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12112512.
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common retinal vascular disease, affecting the retina's blood vessels and causing chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and, ultimately, vision loss. Diabetes-induced elevated glucose levels increase glycolysis, the main methylglyoxal (MGO) formation pathway. MGO is a highly reactive dicarbonyl and the most rapid glycation compound to form endogenous advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO can act both intra- and extracellularly by glycating molecules and activating the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) pathway. : This review summarizes the sources of MGO formation and its actions on various cell pathways in retinal cells such as oxidative stress, glycation, autophagy, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the detoxification of MGO by glyoxalases is discussed.
糖尿病性视网膜病变是最常见的视网膜血管疾病，会影响视网膜血管并引发慢性炎症、氧化应激，最终导致视力丧失。糖尿病导致的血糖水平升高会增加糖酵解，这是甲基乙二醛（MGO）的主要形成途径。MGO是一种高反应性二羰基化合物，也是形成内源性晚期糖基化终产物（AGEs）最快的糖基化化合物。MGO可通过使分子糖基化并激活晚期糖基化终产物受体（RAGE）途径在细胞内和细胞外发挥作用。本综述总结了MGO的形成来源及其对视网膜细胞中各种细胞途径的作用，如氧化应激、糖基化、自噬、内质网应激和线粒体功能障碍。最后，讨论了乙二醛酶对MGO的解毒作用。
