Pečjak Pal Manca, Leskovec Jakob, Levart Alenka, Pirman Tatjana, Salobir Janez, Rezar Vida
Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Animal Nutrition, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), 43006 Tarragona, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Nov 18;14(22):3314. doi: 10.3390/ani14223314.
This study investigated the individual and combined effects of a high dietary n-3 PUFA intake and cyclic heat stress (HS) on the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and oxidative stability of broiler breast meat and the potential of antioxidant supplementation (vitamins E, C, and selenium) to mitigate these effects. A total of 192 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 24 pens within two controlled environment chambers and fed with the following diets: a basal diet low in antioxidants according to NRC recommendations (NRC group), a basal diet according to Aviagen recommendations additionally supplemented with 200 IU/kg vitamin E, 250 mg/kg vitamin C, and 0.15 mg/kg selenium (HAOX group), and these two diets further supplemented with 5% linseed oil (NRC N-3 and HAOX N-3 groups). On day 22, the broilers were exposed to the following two environmental conditions: thermoneutral (TN, 21 °C) or cyclic HS (HS, 34 ± 1 °C, 7 h/d) in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. A high intake of n-3 PUFAs significantly decreased growth performance, dressing percentage, and breast yield, while the incidence of pale, soft, and exudative (PSE) meat characteristics and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased. Cyclic HS reduced body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but had limited effects on meat quality. No interactions between n-3 PUFAs and HS were observed for any measurements. High antioxidant supplementation increased breast yield, improved meat quality, and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by an enhanced antioxidant activity and lower MDA levels. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs had a negative effect on both the carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers, while HS primarily affected only carcass characteristics, with neither stressor having severe adverse effects. High levels of antioxidants could mitigate the negative effects of dietary- and heat-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the oxidative stability of broiler meat.
本研究调查了高膳食n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）摄入量和周期性热应激（HS）对肉鸡鸡胸肉的胴体特性、肉质和氧化稳定性的单独及联合影响，以及抗氧化剂补充剂（维生素E、C和硒）减轻这些影响的潜力。总共192只1日龄雄性罗斯308肉鸡被随机分配到两个可控环境舱内的24个栏中，并饲喂以下日粮：根据美国国家研究委员会（NRC）建议的低抗氧化剂基础日粮（NRC组）、根据安伟捷公司建议的基础日粮并额外补充200 IU/kg维生素E、250 mg/kg维生素C和0.15 mg/kg硒（高抗氧化剂组），以及这两种日粮进一步补充5%亚麻籽油（NRC n-3组和高抗氧化剂n-3组）。在第22天，肉鸡在2×2×2析因设计中暴露于以下两种环境条件：热中性（TN，21℃）或周期性热应激（HS，34±1℃，7小时/天）。高n-3 PUFA摄入量显著降低生长性能、屠宰率和胸肉产量，而苍白、柔软和渗出性（PSE）肉特征的发生率以及丙二醛（MDA）水平升高。周期性热应激降低体重（BW）和平均日采食量（ADFI），但对肉质影响有限。对于任何测量指标，均未观察到n-3 PUFA与热应激之间的相互作用。高抗氧化剂补充提高了胸肉产量，改善了肉质，并降低了氧化应激，这表现为抗氧化活性增强和MDA水平降低。总之，n-3 PUFA对肉鸡的胴体特性和肉质均有负面影响，而热应激主要仅影响胴体特性，两种应激源均未产生严重不良影响。高水平的抗氧化剂可通过增强鸡肉的氧化稳定性来减轻日粮和热应激诱导的氧化应激的负面影响。
