Department of Forensic Science, Division of Molecular Techniques, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 52, 51-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Biomolecules. 2024 Nov 13;14(11):1445. doi: 10.3390/biom14111445.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to a family of nuclear receptors. To date, three types of PPARs, namely PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ, have been identified, demonstrating co-expression across numerous tissues. PPARγ is primarily distributed in adipose tissue, the colon, the immune system, and the retina, while PPARα is predominantly expressed in metabolic tissues such as brown adipose tissue, the liver, and the kidneys. Both PPARγ and PPARα play crucial roles in various cellular processes. Recent data suggest that the PPAR family, among other mechanisms, might also be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Our recent studies, alongside numerous others, have highlighted the pivotal roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in the regulation of PPARγ and PPARα, implicating them in the deterioration of metabolic disorders via epigenetic mechanisms. This still not fully understood mechanism of regulation in the nuclear receptors family has been summarized and described in the present paper. The present review summarizes the available data on PPARγ and PPARα regulation via epigenetic mechanisms, elucidating the link between the development of metabolic disorders and the dysregulation of PPARγ and PPARα resulting from these mechanisms.
过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARs）属于核受体家族。迄今为止，已经鉴定出三种类型的 PPAR，即 PPARα、PPARδ 和 PPARγ，它们在许多组织中均有共同表达。PPARγ 主要分布在脂肪组织、结肠、免疫系统和视网膜中，而 PPARα 主要表达在代谢组织中，如棕色脂肪组织、肝脏和肾脏。PPARγ 和 PPARα 均在各种细胞过程中发挥重要作用。最近的数据表明，PPAR 家族除其他机制外，还可能受到表观遗传机制的调控。我们最近的研究以及许多其他研究都强调了 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰在调控 PPARγ 和 PPARα 中的关键作用，表明它们通过表观遗传机制参与代谢紊乱的恶化。本文总结并描述了核受体家族中这一尚未完全了解的调节机制。本综述总结了通过表观遗传机制调节 PPARγ 和 PPARα 的现有数据，阐明了代谢紊乱的发生与这些机制导致的 PPARγ 和 PPARα 失调之间的联系。
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