Barua Nilakshi, Buragohain Alak Kumar
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, India.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Nov 20;13(11):1106. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13111106.
The uncontrolled emergence of multidrug-resistant mycobacterial strains presents as the primary determinant of the present crisis in antimycobacterial therapeutics and underscores tuberculosis (TB) as a daunting global health concern. There is an urgent requirement for drug development for the treatment of TB. Numerous novel molecules are presently undergoing clinical investigation as part of TB drug development. However, the complex cell wall and the lifecycle of within the host pose a significant challenge to the development of new drugs and, therefore, led to a shift in research focus towards alternative antibacterial compounds, notably nanotechnology. A novel approach to TB therapy utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) holds the potential to address the medical limitations imposed by drug resistance commonly associated with currently available antibiotics. Their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity presents the utilization of AgNPs as a promising avenue for the development of therapeutics targeting mycobacterial-induced diseases, which can effectively target , including drug-resistant strains. AgNPs can enhance the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics, potentially leading to better treatment outcomes and a shorter duration of therapy. However, the successful implementation of this complementary strategy is contingent upon addressing several pivotal therapeutic challenges, including suboptimal delivery, variability in intra-macrophagic antimycobacterial effect, and potential toxicity. Future perspectives may involve developing targeted delivery systems that maximize therapeutic effects and minimize side effects, as well as exploring combinations with existing TB medications to enhance treatment outcomes. We have attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the antimycobacterial activity of AgNPs, and critically analyze the advantages and limitations of employing silver nanoparticles in the treatment of TB.
多重耐药分枝杆菌菌株的失控出现是目前抗分枝杆菌治疗危机的主要决定因素，并凸显了结核病作为一个严峻的全球健康问题。迫切需要开发治疗结核病的药物。作为结核病药物开发的一部分，目前有许多新型分子正在进行临床研究。然而，宿主内复杂的细胞壁和生命周期对新药开发构成了重大挑战，因此导致研究重点转向替代抗菌化合物，特别是纳米技术。一种利用银纳米颗粒（AgNP）治疗结核病的新方法有潜力解决通常与现有抗生素相关的耐药性所带来的医学局限性。它们的广谱抗菌活性使得利用AgNP成为开发针对分枝杆菌引起疾病的治疗方法的一条有前景的途径，这种方法可以有效靶向包括耐药菌株在内的结核分枝杆菌。AgNP可以提高传统抗生素的有效性，有可能带来更好的治疗效果和更短的治疗疗程。然而，这一补充策略的成功实施取决于解决几个关键的治疗挑战，包括给药不理想、巨噬细胞内抗分枝杆菌作用的变异性以及潜在毒性。未来的前景可能包括开发能使治疗效果最大化和副作用最小化的靶向给药系统，以及探索与现有结核病药物的联合使用以提高治疗效果。我们试图全面概述AgNP的抗分枝杆菌活性，并批判性地分析在结核病治疗中使用银纳米颗粒的优缺点。
