Liu Ling, Quan Shujing, Li Liangliang, Lei Gao, Li Shanshan, Gong Tao, Zhang Zhilong, Hu Yiliang, Yang Wenling
School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China.
Institute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Oct 24;12(11):2137. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12112137.
Currently, the problem of heavy metal pollution in China is becoming increasingly serious, which poses grave threats to the environment and human health. Owing to the non-biodegradability and toxicity of heavy metals, a more sustainable and ecological approach to remediate heavy metal pollution has always been a focus of attention for environmental researchers. In recent years, many scientists have found that phytoremediation aided by endophytes has high potential to remediate heavy metals owing to its low cost, effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and sustainability compared with physical and chemical methods. Indeed, the mechanism of interaction between endophytes, plants, and heavy metals in the soil is pivotal for plants to tolerate metal toxicity and thrive. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of how endophytic bacteria resist heavy metals, and the direct and indirect mechanisms employed by endophytic bacteria to promote the growth of plants and enhance phytoextraction and phytostabilization. Moreover, we also discuss the application of combinations of endophytic bacteria and plants that have been used to remediate heavy metal pollution. Finally, it is pointed out that although there have been many studies on phytoremediation systems that have been assisted by endophytes, large-scale field trials are important to deliver "real" results to evaluate and improve phytoremediation assisted with microorganisms in polluted natural environments.
当前，中国的重金属污染问题日益严峻，这对环境和人类健康构成了严重威胁。由于重金属具有不可生物降解性和毒性，一种更具可持续性和生态性的修复重金属污染的方法一直是环境研究人员关注的焦点。近年来，许多科学家发现，与物理和化学方法相比，内生菌辅助的植物修复因其成本低、效果好、环境友好和可持续性强等特点，在修复重金属方面具有很大潜力。事实上，土壤中内生菌、植物和重金属之间的相互作用机制对于植物耐受金属毒性并茁壮成长至关重要。在本综述中，我们重点关注内生细菌抵抗重金属的机制，以及内生细菌促进植物生长、增强植物提取和植物稳定作用所采用的直接和间接机制。此外，我们还讨论了内生细菌与植物组合在修复重金属污染方面的应用。最后指出，尽管已有许多关于内生菌辅助植物修复系统的研究，但大规模田间试验对于在受污染的自然环境中评估和改进微生物辅助植物修复以得出“实际”结果至关重要。
