Johnston Celeste C, Strada Mary Ellen
Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que. H3H 1P3 Canada.
Pain. 1986 Mar;24(3):373-382. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90123-5.
Fourteen infants who were undergoing routine immunization were studied from a multidimensional perspective. The measures used were heart rate, crying, body movement/posturing, and voice spectrographs. There was wide variability between infants on the measures, especially on the cry spectrographs, although facial expression was consistent across infants. The pattern that did emerge was characterized by an initial response: a drop in heart rate, a long, high pitched cry followed by a period of apnea, rigidity of the torso and limbs, and a facial expression of pain. This was followed by a sharp increase in heart rate, lower pitched, but dysphonated cries, less body rigidity, but still facial expression was of pain. Finally, in the second half of the minute's response, heart rate remained elevated, cries were lower pitched, more rhythmic, with a rising-falling pattern, and were mostly phonated, and body posturing returned to normal. Those faces that could be viewed also were returning to the at rest configuration. It was suggested that facial expression may be the most consistent across-infant indicator of pain at this point in time.
从多维度视角对14名正在接受常规免疫接种的婴儿进行了研究。所采用的测量指标包括心率、哭闹、身体动作/姿势以及语音频谱图。尽管婴儿的面部表情一致，但在这些测量指标上，婴儿之间存在很大差异，尤其是在哭声频谱图方面。确实出现的模式的特点是最初的反应：心率下降，接着是一声悠长、高音调的哭声，随后是一段时间的呼吸暂停、躯干和四肢僵硬以及痛苦的面部表情。接下来是心率急剧上升，哭声音调较低但发声困难，身体僵硬程度减轻，但面部表情仍显痛苦。最后，在一分钟反应的后半段，心率持续升高，哭声音调更低、更有节奏，呈升降模式，且大多能发声，身体姿势恢复正常。那些能看到的面部也恢复到了休息状态。研究表明，在这个时间点，面部表情可能是婴儿之间最一致的疼痛指标。
