Qing Yun, Zou Zhongai, Jiang Guolian, Qin Lingshi, Liu Kehui, Liu Zongbao
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Nov 13;11:1442159. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1442159. eCollection 2024.
(), a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen, poses a growing threat to human health due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the global distribution, diversity, and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in remains lacking, hindering effective strategies to combat resistance.
In this study, we analyzed 94,762 genome sequences obtained from the NCBI database using advanced bioinformatics tools. ARGs were identified by comparing sequences against a custom ARG database using BLAST. Mobile genetic element (MGE)-associated ARGs were identified by matching with ISfinder databases. Global distribution of ARGs was analyzed by clustering mobile ARG sequences with 99% genetic similarity.
Our analysis revealed that 50.51% of the genome sequences contained ARGs, totaling 301,317 identified ARG sequences. These ARGs were categorized into 12 major classes and 229 subtypes. Notably, ARGs associated with multi-drug resistance (MDR), -lactams, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramins (MLS), tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides were particularly abundant, with the subtypes , , and being especially prevalent. Additionally, significant differences in ARG abundance and diversity were observed across countries, with higher diversity found in high-income nations. Furthermore, 9.28% of the ARG sequences were linked to MGEs, accounting for 98.25% of all ARG subtypes. Notably, 4.20% of mobile ARGs were identified in over 20 countries, with -lactam and aminoglycoside ARGs being the most widespread.
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the global distribution and transmission of ARGs in . The high abundance of MDR and -lactam-related ARGs, along with their widespread transmission across countries, highlights the urgent need for global surveillance and control measures. Furthermore, the strong association between ARGs and MGEs underscores the role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of resistance. The observed variations in ARG diversity between countries suggest that socioeconomic factors, such as healthcare infrastructure and antibiotic usage patterns, significantly influence ARG prevalence. These findings are crucial for informing global strategies to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance and improve public health outcomes.
（某病原体名称未给出）是一种普遍存在的机会性病原体，由于抗生素耐药性的日益普遍，对人类健康构成了越来越大的威胁。然而，目前仍缺乏对该病原体中抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的全球分布、多样性和传播的全面了解，这阻碍了对抗耐药性的有效策略。
在本研究中，我们使用先进的生物信息学工具分析了从NCBI数据库获得的94762条该病原体基因组序列。通过使用BLAST将序列与自定义的ARG数据库进行比较来鉴定ARGs。通过与ISfinder数据库匹配来鉴定与移动遗传元件（MGE）相关的ARGs。通过将移动ARG序列聚类为99%的遗传相似性来分析ARGs的全球分布。
我们的分析表明，50.51%的该病原体基因组序列包含ARGs，总共鉴定出301317条ARG序列。这些ARGs被分为12个主要类别和229个亚型。值得注意的是，与多药耐药（MDR）、β-内酰胺类、大环内酯-林可酰胺-链阳菌素（MLS）、四环素类和氨基糖苷类相关的ARGs特别丰富，其中亚型（具体亚型未给出）尤为普遍。此外，各国之间在ARG丰度和多样性上存在显著差异，高收入国家的多样性更高。此外，9.28%的ARG序列与MGEs相关，占所有ARG亚型的98.25%。值得注意的是，4.20%的移动ARGs在20多个国家被鉴定出来，其中β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类ARGs分布最广。
本研究提供了该病原体中ARGs全球分布和传播的全面概述。MDR和β-内酰胺类相关ARGs的高丰度以及它们在各国的广泛传播，凸显了全球监测和控制措施的迫切需求。此外，ARGs与MGEs之间的强关联强调了水平基因转移在耐药性传播中的作用。各国之间观察到的ARG多样性差异表明，社会经济因素，如医疗保健基础设施和抗生素使用模式，对ARG流行率有显著影响。这些发现对于为减轻抗生素耐药性传播和改善公共卫生结果的全球战略提供信息至关重要。
