Sánchez-Tena Miguel Ángel, Martinez-Perez Clara, Andreu-Vázquez Cristina, Roque Ana, Alvarez-Peregrina Cristina
Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
ISEC LISBOA-Instituto Superior de Educação e Ciências, Lisbon, Portugal.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2025 Mar;45(2):542-549. doi: 10.1111/opo.13429. Epub 2024 Nov 28.
Myopia, a leading cause of correctable visual impairment, is projected to affect nearly 50% of the global population by 2050, posing a significant public health challenge. Understanding its prevalence and associated factors, particularly in children, is crucial for devising prevention and intervention strategies. This study aims to determine the proportion of myopia in school-aged children in Portugal and to examine the correlation between myopia occurrence and various environmental and genetic factors.
A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on children aged from 5 to 17 years from nine schools in Lisbon, Portugal, between September 2020 and May 2021. It included optometric assessments to evaluate refractive status and binocular vision, as well as questionnaires about their lifestyles and parental myopia.
Out of 1992 participants enrolled, 12.7% of the children were found to be myopic. The proportion of myopia increased with age and was higher in girls. A significant association was observed between myopia and parental history, with the likelihood being higher if one or both parents were myopic. Engaging in outdoor activities was associated with a lower likelihood of myopia.
The study found that 12.7% of the children in the study sample, aged 5-17 years, were myopic, indicating a significant association with familial history and limited outdoor activities. These insights highlight the need for targeted myopia screening and prevention strategies in the paediatric population.
近视是可矫正视力损害的主要原因，预计到2050年将影响全球近50%的人口，这构成了重大的公共卫生挑战。了解其患病率及相关因素，尤其是在儿童中的情况，对于制定预防和干预策略至关重要。本研究旨在确定葡萄牙学龄儿童的近视比例，并研究近视发生与各种环境和遗传因素之间的相关性。
2020年9月至2021年5月期间，对葡萄牙里斯本九所学校5至17岁的儿童进行了一项横断面流行病学研究。研究包括验光评估以评估屈光状态和双眼视力，以及关于他们生活方式和父母近视情况的问卷调查。
在1992名参与研究的儿童中，发现12.7%的儿童患有近视。近视比例随年龄增长而增加，女孩中的比例更高。近视与父母病史之间存在显著关联，如果父母一方或双方患有近视，孩子患近视的可能性更高。参加户外活动与较低的近视可能性相关。
该研究发现，研究样本中5至17岁的儿童中有12.7%患有近视，这表明与家族病史和户外活动有限存在显著关联。这些见解凸显了在儿科人群中开展针对性近视筛查和预防策略的必要性。
