Pu Jianing, Fang Yuxin, Zhou Zhen, Chen Wei, Hu Jianping, Jin Shanshan, Liu Xinli, Wang Lihua, Feng Jingjing, Tong Huan, Xing Shanshan, Wang Ya Xing, Jiao Yonghong
Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing. No. 1 Dongjiaominxiang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Haidian District, No. 53 Suzhou Street, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Apr 7;25(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04008-9.
In recent years, the concept of hyperopia reserve, defined as a physiological hyperopic refractive status preceding emmetropia and myopia, has gained increasing attention. and raised awareness about myopia. This concept has become of interest to both parents and practitioners.
To report the distribution of refractive errors and ocular biometry in a large scale of preschool children in Beijing, in North China. The distribution of hyperopia reserve and its associated factors were also further investigated.
This study presents baseline data from Beijing Hyperopia Reserve Research (BHRR), which enrolled 2109 preschool children from 22 randomly selected kindergartens. Cycloplegic refraction was performed for all children. Hyperopia reserve was defined as a spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) greater than zero. Parents completed a questionnaire about the severity of refractive status (normal; mild myopia <-3D; moderate myopia ≥-3D and ≤-6D; high myopia >-6D) and their children's indoor and outdoor activity times.
The mean SER was + 1.11 ± 0.97D, and the mean axial length was 22.25 + 0.73 mm in all preschool children. The overall prevalence of myopia was 3.7%, with age-specific rates of 2.8%, 3.8%, 3.8%, and 5.2%, respectively. A total of 1932 children (91.6%) had hyperopia reserve, yet only 24.1% of children had age-adjusted normal hyperopia reserve. Regression analysis showed that maintaining hyperopia reserve was associated with sex (boy as reference, OR = 1.7, P = 0.005), mild myopic group parents (Father: OR = 1.7, P = 0.003; Mother: OR = 2.2, P < 0.001), increased outdoor activity time (OR = 1.3, P = 0.031) and reduced study time (OR = 0.8, P = 0.025).
The present study provided a comprehensive database on the refractive status and ocular biometry of preschool children aged 3-6 years in Beijing, North China. Although most children maintained hyperopia reserve, the majority had age-adjusted hyperopia reserve deficiencies. Early intervention, particularly for children with parents exhibiting severe myopia may be warranted.
近年来，远视储备的概念受到越来越多的关注。远视储备被定义为正视和近视之前的生理性远视屈光状态，这一概念提高了人们对近视的认识，引起了家长和从业者的兴趣。
报告中国北方北京市大规模学龄前儿童的屈光不正和眼生物测量数据，并进一步研究远视储备的分布及其相关因素。
本研究提供了北京远视储备研究（BHRR）的基线数据，该研究纳入了从22所随机选择的幼儿园中选取的2109名学龄前儿童。对所有儿童进行散瞳验光。远视储备定义为等效球镜度（SER）大于零。家长完成了一份关于屈光状态严重程度（正常；轻度近视<-3D；中度近视≥-3D且≤-6D；高度近视>-6D）以及孩子室内和户外活动时间的问卷。
所有学龄前儿童的平均SER为+1.11±0.97D，平均眼轴长度为22.25 + 0.73mm。近视的总体患病率为3.7%，各年龄段的患病率分别为2.8%、3.8%、3.8%和5.2%。共有1932名儿童（91.6%）有远视储备，但只有24.1%的儿童有年龄调整后的正常远视储备。回归分析表明，维持远视储备与性别（以男孩为参照，OR = 1.7，P = 0.005）、轻度近视组家长（父亲：OR = 1.7，P = 0.003；母亲：OR = 2.2，P < 0.001）、户外活动时间增加（OR = 1.3，P = 0.031）和学习时间减少（OR = 0.8，P = 0.025）有关。
本研究提供了关于中国北方北京市3至6岁学龄前儿童屈光状态和眼生物测量的综合数据库。尽管大多数儿童保持远视储备，但大多数儿童有年龄调整后的远视储备不足。可能有必要进行早期干预，特别是对于父母有高度近视的儿童。
