Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Divisão de Laboratório Central, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2024 Nov 22;88(3). doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.2023-0290. eCollection 2024.
The microbiology pattern of neonatal conjunctivitis has changed over time, and the incidence of gonococcal conjunctivitis is almost nil. This study aimed to determine the etiology of neonatal conjunctivitis cases referred to a tertiary health center in Brazil.
From 2017 to 2020, conjunctival swabs were taken from neonates with clinical signs of conjunctivitis and tested with bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.
A total of 51 neonates were included in the 3-year study. Chlamydial conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 39 (76.5%) patients, and microbial growth was detected in 13 (25.5%) patients. The most isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=6, 11.8%), followed by other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (n=4, 7.8%) and S. aureus (n=2, 3.9%). One S. aureus isolate was resistant to oxacillin. There were no cases of gonococcal conjunctivitis. Ten (19.6%) patients showed polymerase chain reaction-negative C. trachomatis and negative bacterial culture test results.
Findings show that C. trachomatis is the most common pathogen causing neonatal conjunctivitis. The high prevalence of C. trachomatis infection highlights the importance of screening and treating pregnant woman.
新生儿结膜炎的微生物学模式随时间发生了变化，淋球菌性结膜炎的发病率几乎为零。本研究旨在确定巴西一家三级保健中心转诊的新生儿结膜炎病例的病因。
2017 年至 2020 年，对有结膜炎临床症状的新生儿采集结膜拭子，进行淋病奈瑟菌和沙眼衣原体的细菌培养和聚合酶链反应检测。
在这项为期 3 年的研究中，共有 51 名新生儿纳入研究。39 名（76.5%）患者诊断为衣原体性结膜炎，13 名（25.5%）患者检测到微生物生长。分离出的最常见细菌为表皮葡萄球菌（n=6，11.8%），其次为其他凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（n=4，7.8%）和金黄色葡萄球菌（n=2，3.9%）。1 株金黄色葡萄球菌耐苯唑西林。无淋球菌性结膜炎病例。10 名（19.6%）患者沙眼衣原体聚合酶链反应阴性且细菌培养检测结果阴性。
研究结果表明，沙眼衣原体是引起新生儿结膜炎的最常见病原体。沙眼衣原体感染的高流行率强调了对孕妇进行筛查和治疗的重要性。
