Sharma Vineeta, Khan Mohd Mabood
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
Curr Microbiol. 2025 May 29;82(7):314. doi: 10.1007/s00284-025-04287-x.
The most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) is caused by intracellular obligate bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) globally. Many Chlamydia infected women are asymptomatic or only experience minor signs, but others go on to develop salpingitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and tubal factor infertility. It's been linked to both the spread of HIV and new infections, and it's suspected of playing a role in the emergence of cervical cancer. Clinically applicable rapid approaches for timely and precise identification of C. trachomatis infection would provide early treatment, hence reducing the risk of consequences. Traditional diagnostic methods Cell culture, direct immunofluorescence etc. are time-consuming but very sensitive assays for C. trachomatis infection. New and fast diagnostic method includes extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence (MAMEF) is more simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-saving. This review provides fresh insight into our current understanding of C. trachomatis infection with emphasis on women's health. We outline a crucial summary of risk factors, molecular and clinical picture, prevention, diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection. Further, this review provides various modes of treatment, including available vaccination against genital C. trachomatis infection and the future directions to combat this sexually transmitted infection.
全球最常见的性传播感染（STI）是由细胞内专性细菌沙眼衣原体（CT）引起的。许多感染衣原体的女性没有症状，或者仅出现轻微体征，但其他女性则会发展为输卵管炎、子宫内膜炎、盆腔炎（PID）、异位妊娠和输卵管因素不孕症。它与HIV的传播和新感染都有关联，并且被怀疑在宫颈癌的发生中起作用。临床上适用的快速方法，用于及时、精确地识别沙眼衣原体感染，将能提供早期治疗，从而降低后果风险。传统诊断方法，如细胞培养、直接免疫荧光等，对于沙眼衣原体感染来说是耗时但非常灵敏的检测方法。新的快速诊断方法，包括超常光学传输（EOT）、环介导等温扩增（LAMP）、重组酶聚合酶扩增（RPA）和微波加速金属增强荧光（MAMEF），则更简单、快速、灵敏且节省成本。本综述对我们目前对沙眼衣原体感染的理解提供了新的见解，重点是女性健康。我们概述了沙眼衣原体感染的危险因素、分子和临床表现、预防、诊断的关键总结。此外，本综述提供了各种治疗方式，包括针对生殖器沙眼衣原体感染的现有疫苗接种以及对抗这种性传播感染的未来方向。
