Zheng Lishuang, Li Xin, Xu Yiran, Yang Yali, Wan Xinyu, Ma Xuehan, Yao Gengxin, Li Guichen
School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2025 Feb;26(2):105397. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105397. Epub 2024 Nov 28.
Cognitive frailty, which is notably prevalent in nursing homes, correlates with a range of adverse health outcomes; however, interventions targeting this population are scarce, particularly those addressing activities of daily living (ADLs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of virtual reality-based ADL rehabilitation training on older adults with cognitive frailty and ADL impairments.
A 2-arm randomized controlled trial.
Older adults with cognitive frailty and mild ADL impairments in a nursing home.
Sixty-six eligible participants were equally randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention involved 45-minute sessions conducted twice weekly for 12 weeks. Outcomes evaluated included ADL performance, cognition, frailty, depression, and quality of life. Assessments were performed at baseline, 6 weeks (T1), and 12 weeks (T2).
There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups at baseline. The mean age of the participants was 80.20 ± 9.14 years, and most were women (54.55%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in ADLs (T1: β = 6.33, T2: β = 12.79), basic ADLs (T1: β = 4.09, T2: β = 6.97), instrumental ADLs (T1: β = 2.24, T2: β = 4.12), cognition (T1: β = 3.67, T2: β = 4.42), frailty (T1: β = -0.76, T2: β = -1.27), and mental component summary of quality of life (T1: β = 8.49, T2: β = 16.44) at T1 and T2. By T2, significant improvements were observed in depression (T2: β = -2.06) and physical component summary of quality of life (T2: β = 8.52).
For older adults with cognitive frailty and mild ADL impairments residing in a nursing home, the virtual reality-based ADL rehabilitation program was safe and effective. Following the 12-week intervention, significant improvements were observed in ADL performance, cognition, frailty, depression, and quality of life.
认知衰弱在养老院中尤为普遍，与一系列不良健康结果相关；然而，针对这一人群的干预措施很少，尤其是针对日常生活活动（ADL）的措施。本研究的目的是评估基于虚拟现实的ADL康复训练对患有认知衰弱和ADL障碍的老年人的效果。
双臂随机对照试验。
养老院中患有认知衰弱和轻度ADL障碍的老年人。
66名符合条件的参与者被平均随机分为干预组和对照组。干预包括每周两次、每次45分钟、共持续12周的训练课程。评估的结果包括ADL表现、认知、衰弱、抑郁和生活质量。在基线、6周（T1）和12周（T2）时进行评估。
两组在基线时无统计学显著差异。参与者的平均年龄为80.20±9.14岁，大多数为女性（54.55%）。与对照组相比，干预组在T1和T2时的ADL（T1：β=6.33，T2：β=12.79）、基本ADL（T1：β=4.09，T2：β=6.97）、工具性ADL（T1：β=2.24，T2：β=4.12）、认知（T1：β=3.67，T2：β=4.42）、衰弱（T1：β=-0.76，T2：β=-1.27）和生活质量的心理成分总结（T1：β=8.49，T2：β=16.44）方面有显著改善。到T2时，抑郁（T2：β=-2.06）和生活质量的身体成分总结（T2：β=8.52）有显著改善。
对于居住在养老院中患有认知衰弱和轻度ADL障碍的老年人，基于虚拟现实的ADL康复计划是安全有效的。经过12周的干预，在ADL表现、认知、衰弱、抑郁和生活质量方面有显著改善。
