Marín-Jiménez Ignacio, Carpio Daniel, Hernández Vicent, Muñoz Fernando, Zatarain-Nicolás Eduardo, Zabana Yamile, Mañosa Míriam, Rodríguez-Moranta Francisco, Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel, Gutiérrez Casbas Ana
Sección de Gastroenterología, Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IiSGM), Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, España; Grupo de Investigación en Hepatología-Enfermedades Inflamatorias Intestinales, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Pontevedra, España.
Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 May;48(5):502314. doi: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2024.502314. Epub 2024 Nov 28.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Therefore, it is essential to understand their relationship and prevalence in different diseases that may present specific risk factors for them. The objective of this document is to analyze the specific prevalence of CVD in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), describing the presence of classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. Additionally, we will detail the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in this patient group and the different methods used to assess cardiovascular risk, including the use of risk calculators in clinical practice and different ways to assess subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, we will describe the potential influence of medication used for managing patients with IBD on cardiovascular risk, as well as the potential influence of commonly used drugs for managing CVD on the course of IBD. The document provides comments and evidence-based recommendations based on available evidence and expert opinion. An interdisciplinary group of gastroenterologists specialized in IBD management, along with a consulting cardiologist for this type of patients, participated in the development of these recommendations by the Spanish Group of Work on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU).
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球首要死因。因此，了解其在可能存在特定危险因素的不同疾病中的关系和患病率至关重要。本文的目的是分析炎症性肠病（IBD）患者中CVD的具体患病率，描述这些患者中经典和非经典心血管危险因素的存在情况。此外，我们将详细阐述该患者群体中动脉粥样硬化的病理生理学以及用于评估心血管风险的不同方法，包括临床实践中风险计算器的使用以及评估亚临床动脉粥样硬化和内皮功能障碍的不同方式。此外，我们将描述用于治疗IBD患者的药物对心血管风险的潜在影响，以及用于治疗CVD的常用药物对IBD病程的潜在影响。本文根据现有证据和专家意见提供了评论和循证建议。一个专门从事IBD管理的胃肠病学家跨学科小组，以及此类患者的咨询心脏病专家，参与了西班牙克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎工作组（GETECCU）这些建议的制定。
