Marasas W F, Van Rensburg S J
S Afr Med J. 1986 Mar 15;69(6):369-74.
Samples of home-grown maize and groundnuts from the endemic area of Mseleni joint disease (MJD) during four seasons (1980-1983) were examined mycologically. The mycoflora of these dietary staples included Fusarium poae and F. oxysporum, which have been implicated in the aetiology of Kashin-Beck or Urov disease, another osteo-arthrosis endemic in Siberia and China. Two other species of Fusarium, i.e. F. moniliforme and F. equiseti, implicated in syndromes of abnormal bone development in animals, were also present. The predominant fungus associated with maize kernels was F. moniliforme; two other fungi relatively frequently isolated from Mseleni maize, i.e. F. compactum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, have not previously been reported in maize in southern Africa. The predominant fungi associated with groundnut kernels were Penicillium spp., L. theobromae, Macrophomina phaseolina and F. oxysporum. The incidence of certain fungi, particularly F. compactum, F. oxysporum and L. theobromae, appeared to be higher in dietary staples from households affected by MJD than from non-affected ones. The numbers of samples examined were, however, small and these findings need to be confirmed. Cultures of 120/322 isolates of fungi from Mseleni dietary staples proved toxic to ducklings, the most toxic species being F. compactum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and Phomopsis sp. The characteristic pathological changes of MJD have, however, not been induced in experimental animals with cultures of any of these fungi. A diet containing maize and groundnuts from households affected by MJD also failed to induce the characteristic osteo-arthritic changes of MJD in rats. The dietary staples used in this experiment were, however, collected during seasons of abnormally low rainfall at Mseleni.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
在1980年至1983年的四个季节里，对来自姆塞莱尼关节病（MJD）流行地区的本土玉米和花生样本进行了真菌学检查。这些主食的真菌区系包括拟分枝镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌，它们与克山病或乌罗夫病的病因有关，克山病是西伯利亚和中国流行的另一种骨关节炎。另外两种镰刀菌，即串珠镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌，也与动物骨骼发育异常综合征有关。与玉米粒相关的主要真菌是串珠镰刀菌；另外两种相对频繁地从姆塞莱尼玉米中分离出来的真菌，即围小丛壳菌和可可毛色二孢菌，此前在南部非洲的玉米中尚未有报道。与花生仁相关的主要真菌是青霉属、可可毛色二孢菌、菜豆壳球孢菌和尖孢镰刀菌。某些真菌的发生率，特别是围小丛壳菌、尖孢镰刀菌和可可毛色二孢菌，在受MJD影响家庭的主食中似乎比未受影响家庭的更高。然而，所检查的样本数量较少，这些发现需要得到证实。从姆塞莱尼主食中分离出的120/322株真菌培养物对雏鸭有毒，毒性最大的物种是围小丛壳菌、串珠镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌和拟茎点霉属。然而，用这些真菌中的任何一种培养物在实验动物中都未诱发MJD的特征性病理变化。含有来自受MJD影响家庭的玉米和花生的饮食也未能在大鼠中诱发MJD的特征性骨关节炎变化。然而，本实验中使用的主食是在姆塞莱尼降雨量异常低的季节收集的。（摘要截于250字）
