Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Italy.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Sep;49(9):2365-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.047. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
Surveys were carried out in 2006 and 2007 in Umbria (central Italy) to evaluate the presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in maize grain sampled at harvest. Fusarium spp., were the most abundant species detected in maize kernels, followed by Aspergillus species of sections Flavi and Nigri and by Penicillium spp. Among Fusarium species, F. verticillioides was the most prevalent species, as detected by PCR directly on the kernels and on the fungi isolated from the kernels, followed by F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. Fumonisins were the predominant mycotoxins with values, on average, of 4.3 and 5.7 mgkg(-1), in 2006 and 2007, respectively, with a maximum of 76.3 mgkg(-1) in the second year. Deoxynivalenol ranged from 0.2 to 3.98 mgkg(-1) in 2006 (average 1.04 mgkg(-1)) and from undetectable levels to 14 mgkg(-1) in 2007 (average 0.86 mgkg(-1)). Aflatoxins, analyzed only in 2007, averaged 26.3 μgkg(-1), with a maximum of 820 μgkg(-1). Zearalenone content was always very low. Results indicate that EU legal limits for these mycotoxins were rarely exceeded with low levels across most of the examined area, suggesting that this region could be considered suitable for the production of healthy maize.
2006 年和 2007 年在意大利中部的翁布里亚（Umbria）进行了调查，以评估收获时采集的玉米中产毒真菌和霉菌毒素的存在情况。在玉米籽粒中检测到的丰度最高的真菌是镰刀菌属（Fusarium spp.），其次是黄曲霉（Aspergillus）和黑曲霉（Nigri）以及青霉属（Penicillium spp.）。在镰刀菌属中，PCR 直接在籽粒上和从籽粒中分离的真菌上检测到的最普遍的种是串珠镰刀菌（F. verticillioides），其次是层出镰刀菌（F. proliferatum）和禾谷镰刀菌（F. subglutinans）。伏马菌素是主要的霉菌毒素，在 2006 年和 2007 年的平均值分别为 4.3 和 5.7mgkg(-1)，第二年的最高值为 76.3mgkg(-1)。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）在 2006 年的范围为 0.2 至 3.98mgkg(-1)（平均值为 1.04mgkg(-1)），2007 年的范围为未检出至 14mgkg(-1)（平均值为 0.86mgkg(-1)）。黄曲霉毒素仅在 2007 年进行了分析，平均值为 26.3μgkg(-1)，最高值为 820μgkg(-1)。玉米赤霉烯酮的含量一直很低。结果表明，这些霉菌毒素的欧盟法定限量很少被超过，在大部分检测区域的含量都很低，这表明该地区可以被认为是生产健康玉米的适宜地区。
