The miR172a-SNB module orchestrates both induced and adult-plant resistance to multiple diseases via MYB30-mediated lignin accumulation in rice.

Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth period. Rice production faces threats from multiple major diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, and bacterial leaf blight. Here, we report that the miR172a-SNB-MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in rice. Mechanistically, pathogen infections induce the expression of miR172a, which downregulates the transcription factor SNB to release its suppression of MYB30, leading to an increase in lignin biosynthesis and disease resistance throughout the whole growth period. Moreover, expression levels of miR172a and MYB30 gradually increase and are consistently correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance during rice development, reaching a peak at full maturity, whereas SNB RNA levels are negatively correlated with lignin contents and disease resistance, indicating the involvement of the miR172a-SNB-MYB30 module in adult-plant resistance. The functional domain of SNB protein and its binding sites in the MYB30 promoter are highly conserved among more than 4000 rice accessions, while abnormal expression of miR172a, SNB, or MYB30 compromises yield traits, suggesting artificial selection of the miR172a-SNB-MYB30 module during rice domestication. Taken together, these results reveal a novel role for a conserved miRNA-regulated module that contributes significantly to induced and adult-plant resistance against multiple pathogens by increasing lignin accumulation, deepening our understanding of broad-spectrum resistance and adult-plant resistance.