Noncoding RNA as a crucial epigenetic modulator in the degeneration of the ligamentum flavum.

Ligamentum flavum degeneration, including hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum, leads to degenerative spinal stenosis in older adults. However, the underlying mechanisms of ligamentum flavum degeneration remain unclear, and therapeutic strategies are limited. Noncoding RNAs include microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. As important epigenetic modifications, noncoding RNAs are involved in the progression of several age-related diseases, including ligamentum flavum degeneration. Previous studies have shown that noncoding RNAs can regulate the osteogenic differentiation and fibrosis of ligamentum flavum cells by regulating the expression of related genes. In this review, we discuss noncoding RNAs and their role in ligamentum flavum degeneration.