Mustary Musliha, Syam Aminuddin, Riskiyani Shanti, Erika Kadek Ayu, Moedjiono Apik Indarty, Lubis Mukhlis
Doctoral Program, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University & STIKES Salewangang Maros, Maros Regency, Indonesia.
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Iran J Public Health. 2024 Nov;53(11):2392-2403. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v53i11.16941.
Preeclampsia (PE) caused 30%-40% of maternal and newborn deaths worldwide. Despite unclear exact cause, strategies exist to mitigate less severe PE effects. This review explores PE etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, impact, and prevention.
Searching Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for "preeclampsia and pregnancy" and "prevention" yielded 2012-2022 articles.
Preeclampsia features abnormal placental changes, altered immunity response, trophoblast apoptosis, and reduced uterine perfusion. Risk factors include hypertension history, nulliparity, age over 40, BMI over 35 kg/m, family history, amniotic pregnancy, and long pregnancy interval. This condition risks cardiovascular and neonatal morbidity, straining health resources. Prevention involves aspirin, vitamin D, exercise, folic acid, diet, early screening, and antenatal care.
Findings emphasize enhancing health literacy and preeclampsia education in prenatal care to mitigate PE risk among women. Further research, novel therapies, and assessing prevention strategies with accessible educational materials and multidisciplinary approaches are warranted to enhance pregnant women's health literacy and decrease PE risk.
子痫前期（PE）在全球范围内导致30%-40%的孕产妇和新生儿死亡。尽管确切病因尚不清楚，但存在减轻轻度子痫前期影响的策略。本综述探讨子痫前期的病因、病理生理学、危险因素、影响及预防措施。
在Scopus、PubMed、ProQuest、谷歌学术和科学直投数据库中检索“子痫前期与妊娠”及“预防”，检索出2012年至2022年的文章。
子痫前期的特征包括胎盘异常变化、免疫反应改变、滋养细胞凋亡及子宫灌注减少。危险因素包括高血压病史、初产、年龄超过40岁、体重指数超过35kg/m²、家族史、羊水过多妊娠及妊娠间隔时间长。这种情况会增加心血管疾病和新生儿发病的风险，给卫生资源带来压力。预防措施包括使用阿司匹林、维生素D、进行运动、补充叶酸、合理饮食、早期筛查及产前护理。
研究结果强调在产前护理中提高健康素养和子痫前期教育水平，以降低女性患子痫前期的风险。有必要进行进一步研究、探索新疗法，并通过易于获取的教育材料和多学科方法评估预防策略，以提高孕妇的健康素养并降低子痫前期风险。
