Ma Qing, Wang Saidi, Tan Haitao, Sun Zhongke, Li Chengwei, Zhang Gaoyang
School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, No. 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou High-Tech Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 2;14(1):29999. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81319-9.
It is not clear that the genes involved with flavonoids synthesis, regulation and transport in Ilex asprella. Transcriptome analysis of leaf, stem and root has uncovered 28,478 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are involved in various biological processes. Among these, the expression of 31 candidate synthetase genes, 19 transcription factors, and 5 transporters associated with flavonoid biosynthesis varies across tissues, encompassing seven complete biosynthetic pathways (stilbene, aurone, flavone, isoflavone, flavonol, phlobaphene, and anthocyanin) and one partial pathway (proanthocyanidin). Tissue-specific expression patterns suggest that the stilbenes, aurones, flavones and anthocyanin branches are more prominent in roots, as indicated by key genes such as STS(Ilex_044726), CH4'GT(Ilex_047989), FNS(Ilex_043640) and UFGT(Ilex_014720). In leaves, the phlobaphenes and flavonols branches are dominant, determined by CHI(Ilex_005941), FNR(Ilex_039777) and FLS(Ilex_046424). The isoflavone pathway appears to be more active in stems due to the presence of IFS(Ilex_029360), mirroring the accumulation of the intermediate metabolite chalcone, which is regulated by CHS(Ilex_047537). The absence of LAR genes implies that gallocatechin, and catechin liked proanthocyanidins cannot be synthesized in I. asprella. Meanwhile, the general phenylpropanoid pathway is more active in roots, stems than in leaves, as evidenced by the expression of PAL(Ilex_042231, Ilex_014816), C4H(Ilex_017598), and 4CL(Ilex_042033). Flavanone, dihydroflavonol and leucoanthocyanidin, key intermediates, accumulate more rapidly in stem, stem and root, respectively, regulated by CHI(Ilex_005941), F3H(Ilex_004635) and DFR(Ilex_004771). Correlation and network analyses reveal that candidate regulators and transporters are closely associated with the synthesis genes. The study provides profound snoop into flavonoids metabolism in I. asprella and offers valuable refer for medicinal plant.
目前尚不清楚在毛冬青中参与黄酮类化合物合成、调控和转运的基因情况。对叶、茎和根的转录组分析发现了28478个参与各种生物学过程的差异表达基因（DEGs）。其中，31个候选合成酶基因、19个转录因子和5个与黄酮类生物合成相关的转运蛋白的表达在不同组织中存在差异，涵盖了七条完整的生物合成途径（芪类、噢哢、黄酮、异黄酮、黄酮醇、原花色素和花青素）和一条部分途径（原花青素）。组织特异性表达模式表明，芪类、噢哢、黄酮和花青素分支在根中更为突出，如STS（Ilex_044726）、CH4'GT（Ilex_047989）、FNS（Ilex_043640）和UFGT（Ilex_014720）等关键基因所示。在叶中，原花色素和黄酮醇分支占主导地位，由CHI（Ilex_005941）、FNR（Ilex_039777）和FLS（Ilex_046424）决定。由于IFS（Ilex_029360）的存在，异黄酮途径在茎中似乎更活跃，这反映了中间代谢产物查尔酮的积累，其受CHS（Ilex_047537）调控。缺乏LAR基因意味着毛冬青中不能合成没食子儿茶素和儿茶素类原花青素。同时，一般苯丙烷途径在根和茎中比在叶中更活跃，如PAL（Ilex_042231、Ilex_014816）、C4H（Ilex_017598）和4CL（Ilex_042033）的表达所示。关键中间体黄烷酮、二氢黄酮醇和无色花青素分别在茎、茎和根中积累更快，受CHI（Ilex_005941）、F3H（Ilex_004635）和DFR（Ilex_004771）调控。相关性和网络分析表明，候选调控因子和转运蛋白与合成基因密切相关。该研究深入探究了毛冬青中的黄酮类代谢，为药用植物提供了有价值的参考。
