Boachie Joseph, Pidah Doreen, Eshun Henrietta, Jingbeja Emmanuel, Adjei Praise Fosu, Adu Patrick
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
J Pregnancy. 2024 Apr 1;2024:9438762. doi: 10.1155/2024/9438762. eCollection 2024.
Global prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was estimated between 257 and 291 million since 2020, posing a great public health challenge. In Africa, an estimated 60 million cases of HBV were reported in the same year. Pregnant women might be susceptible to HBV infection dependent on their level of awareness and knowledge about the causes, transmission, and prevention of HBV. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness and prevalence of HBV infection and prolonged bleeding risk among pregnant women at the Suhum Municipality of Ghana.
The study was a cross-sectional design involving pregnant women who were sampled following their visit to the antenatal unit at the Suhum Government Hospital. Sociodemographics including history of HBV screening and vaccinations were obtained from consented individuals using pretested questionnaires. Also, venous blood samples were obtained for platelet count, whereas bleeding time assay was performed to assess functional platelet disorders.
Hepatitis B prevalence was 4.4%, with 14.1% prevalence of mild thrombocytopenia and 1.5% prevalence of prolonged bleeding time. Pregnant women who had tertiary education and previous screening were about 8 times (AOR = 7.78, 95% CI: 1.50-40.50) and 14 times (AOR = 13.66, 95% CI: 1.72-108.75) more likely to have knowledge of hepatitis B than those without tertiary education and previous screening, respectively.
The prevalence of HBV was 4.4%. Education status and previous screening were associated with demonstration of knowledge about HBV; therefore, intensification of education and screening are recommended.
自2020年以来，全球慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的患病率估计在2.57亿至2.91亿之间，这构成了巨大的公共卫生挑战。同年，非洲估计报告了6000万例HBV病例。孕妇可能易感染HBV，这取决于她们对HBV的病因、传播和预防的认识和了解程度。本研究的目的是评估加纳苏胡姆市孕妇对HBV感染的知晓率和患病率以及出血时间延长的风险。
本研究采用横断面设计，纳入在苏胡姆政府医院产前科就诊的孕妇。通过预先测试的问卷从同意参与的个体中获取社会人口统计学信息，包括HBV筛查和疫苗接种史。此外，采集静脉血样本进行血小板计数，并进行出血时间测定以评估功能性血小板疾病。
乙型肝炎患病率为4.4%，轻度血小板减少症患病率为14.1%，出血时间延长患病率为1.5%。接受过高等教育且曾接受过筛查的孕妇知晓乙型肝炎的可能性分别比未接受过高等教育且未接受过筛查的孕妇高约8倍（调整后比值比[AOR]=7.78，95%置信区间[CI]：1.50-40.50）和14倍（AOR=13.66，95%CI：1.72-108.75）。
HBV患病率为4.4%。教育程度和既往筛查与对HBV的知晓情况相关；因此，建议加强教育和筛查。
