Arba Minch University College of health science, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Gambella Reginal Health Bureau, Gambella, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 10;19(1):602. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4220-z.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus which causes death. More than 300 million people have chronic liver infections globally and about 600,000 people die annually from acute or chronic complications of hepatitis B infection. Recent studies conducted in Ethiopia showed moderate endemicity (3-7.8%) of HBV among pregnant women. However, there is paucity of information on sero- prevalence of HBV and associated factors among pregnant women at Gambella town. The aim of this study is to assess sero-prevalence of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated factors among pregnant women in Gambella Hospital.
Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 253 pregnant women from March 10-April 15, 2017. Socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were collected through face to face interview using structured questionnaire. HBV infection was determined using Eugene strip test. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between HBsAg sero-positivity and various factors. Findings were presented using 95% CI of Crude Odds Ratios (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR).
The overall sero- prevalence of HBV infection was 7.9% (95% CI, 4.7-11.9), which indicates intermediate endemicity. History of abortion (AOR = 3.56:1: 95% CI, 1.24-10.22), occupation (AOR = 8.36:95% CI, 1.67-41.96) and multiple sexual partner (AOR = 17.38: 95% CI, 4.48-67.49) had statistical significant association with HBsAg sero-positivity.
HBV sero-prevalence in pregnant women shows intermediate endemicity. Hence health education on having single sexual partner and risk factors of abortion should be given. In addition, routine screening and immunization of pregnant women for HBV infection should be strengthen.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种嗜肝脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）病毒，可导致死亡。目前全球有超过 3 亿人患有慢性肝脏感染，每年约有 60 万人死于乙型肝炎感染的急性或慢性并发症。最近在埃塞俄比亚进行的研究表明，孕妇中 HBV 的流行率中等（3-7.8%）。然而，关于甘贝拉镇孕妇中 HBV 的血清流行率及其相关因素的信息很少。本研究旨在评估甘贝拉医院孕妇乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）的血清流行率及其相关因素。
2017 年 3 月 10 日至 4 月 15 日，对甘贝拉医院的 253 名孕妇进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。通过面对面访谈和使用结构化问卷收集社会人口统计学特征和危险因素。使用 Eugene 条带试验确定 HBV 感染情况。采用逻辑回归分析确定 HBsAg 血清阳性与各种因素之间的关系。结果以未经调整的比值比（COR）和调整后的比值比（AOR）的 95%置信区间（CI）表示。
HBV 感染的总血清流行率为 7.9%（95%CI，4.7-11.9），表明中度流行。流产史（AOR=3.56:1:95%CI，1.24-10.22）、职业（AOR=8.36:95%CI，1.67-41.96）和多个性伴侣（AOR=17.38:95%CI，4.48-67.49）与 HBsAg 血清阳性有统计学显著关联。
孕妇 HBV 血清流行率呈中度流行。因此，应开展有关单一性伴侣和流产危险因素的健康教育。此外，应加强对孕妇 HBV 感染的常规筛查和免疫接种。
