Jacobson López Daniel, García Antonio
Clinical Department, School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
School of Public Health and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Am J Mens Health. 2024 Nov-Dec;18(6):15579883241288979. doi: 10.1177/15579883241288979.
There remains a paucity of research examining the barriers to reporting sexual assault among gay and bisexual male assault survivors, despite much higher sexual assault victimization rates for gay and bisexual men. Few researches have examined barriers for gay Latino and/or Black male sexual assault survivors, specifically focusing on the role of racism and homophobia. To address this gap in literature, our study examined the specific barriers to reporting sexual assault for gay Latino (including Black) male sexual assault survivors, with a focus on how their multiple marginalized identities influenced their decision-making process. The study consisted of 14 gay Latino sexual assault survivors from six cities in the United States who participated in one-on-one semistructured in-depth interviews. Our data revealed three themes: (a) Bias and Discrimination, which describes how racism, homophobia, and gendered ideology serve as barriers to reporting sexual assault; (b) the Unjust Reporting Process focuses on the unnecessarily difficult, complex, and unclear timely reporting process; and (c) Retraumatization, which describes how participants were likely to be retraumatized by reporting. Content analysis was conducted and methodology consistent with this analysis was completed. Our findings provide recommendations to enhance the reporting process for gay Latino male sexual assault survivors which include law enforcement practices (e.g., Training tailored for engaging with LGBTQIA+ individuals and male survivors) as well as agency-wide practices (e.g., trainings and groups specifically for gay and bisexual men of color). All practices should be survivor centered and trauma-informed.
尽管男同性恋者和双性恋男性遭受性侵犯的比例要高得多,但针对男同性恋和双性恋男性性侵犯幸存者报告性侵犯的障碍的研究仍然很少。很少有研究探讨拉丁裔男同性恋者和/或黑人男性性侵犯幸存者面临的障碍,特别关注种族主义和恐同症的作用。为了填补这一文献空白,我们的研究调查了拉丁裔男同性恋者(包括黑人)性侵犯幸存者报告性侵犯的具体障碍,重点关注他们多重边缘化身份如何影响其决策过程。该研究包括来自美国六个城市的14名拉丁裔男同性恋性侵犯幸存者,他们参与了一对一的半结构化深度访谈。我们的数据揭示了三个主题:(a)偏见与歧视,描述了种族主义、恐同症和性别意识形态如何成为报告性侵犯的障碍;(b)不公正的报告过程,关注不必要的困难、复杂且不明确的及时报告过程;(c)再次创伤,描述了参与者如何因报告而可能再次受到创伤。进行了内容分析,并完成了与该分析一致的方法。我们的研究结果为改善拉丁裔男同性恋性侵犯幸存者的报告过程提供了建议,包括执法实践(例如,为与LGBTQIA+群体和男性幸存者打交道而量身定制的培训)以及全机构范围的实践(例如,专门为有色人种男同性恋者和双性恋者举办的培训和团体)。所有实践都应以幸存者为中心并考虑到创伤因素。