Mao Danyi, Liu Chenyao, Yin Ziang, Cui Zaifeng, Zhang Jiali, Li Xue, Huang Yingying, Chen Hao, Bao Jinhua
National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025 May-Jun;53(4):344-355. doi: 10.1111/ceo.14472. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
To investigate visual cognitive functions, including visual attention, executive function, and visual working memory, in children with anisometropic amblyopia versus those with normal vision.
Thirty-five children with anisometropic amblyopia and 34 with normal vision participated. Visual acuity, stereoacuity, and contrast sensitivity were measured, followed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery's six subtests for cognitive evaluation. Visual attention was assessed using reaction time (RTI) and rapid visual information processing (RVP). Executive function was evaluated through the multitasking test (MTT). Visual working memory was assessed with spatial working memory (SWM), delayed matching to sample (DMS), and paired association learning (PAL), all under binocular conditions.
The amblyopia group exhibited longer reaction and movement times in the RTI than the control group (p < 0.01). A trend towards lower RVP A' scores, reflecting reduced ability to detect target sequences, appeared in the amblyopia group (p = 0.056). Amblyopic children demonstrated a lower multitasking cost in the MTT compared with the control group (p = 0.04). As difficulty increased in the SWM (from four to six boxes), amblyopic children revisited more (p = 0.01). In the DMS task, while no differences were observed across all delay times (p = 0.55), amblyopic children performed significantly worse than the control group under the 12-second delay (p = 0.04). In the eight-pattern PAL condition, the amblyopia group made more errors (p = 0.01).
Children with anisometropic amblyopia performed poorly on neuropsychological tests, particularly visual attention and working memory, but outperformed the control group in multitasking. These findings highlight the broader cognitive impacts of anisometropic amblyopia beyond vision.
研究屈光参差性弱视儿童与视力正常儿童的视觉认知功能，包括视觉注意力、执行功能和视觉工作记忆。
35名屈光参差性弱视儿童和34名视力正常儿童参与研究。测量视力、立体视锐度和对比敏感度，随后进行剑桥神经心理测试自动成套测验的六个子测验以进行认知评估。使用反应时间（RTI）和快速视觉信息处理（RVP）评估视觉注意力。通过多任务测试（MTT）评估执行功能。在双眼条件下，用空间工作记忆（SWM）、延迟样本匹配（DMS）和配对联想学习（PAL）评估视觉工作记忆。
弱视组在RTI中的反应和运动时间比对照组更长（p < 0.01）。弱视组出现RVP A'得分较低的趋势，反映出检测目标序列的能力降低（p = 0.056）。与对照组相比，弱视儿童在MTT中的多任务成本更低（p = 0.04）。随着SWM难度增加（从四个盒子增加到六个盒子），弱视儿童重新查看的次数更多（p = 0.01）。在DMS任务中，虽然在所有延迟时间内均未观察到差异（p = 0.55），但在12秒延迟条件下，弱视儿童的表现明显比对照组差（p = 0.04）。在八图案PAL条件下，弱视组的错误更多（p = 0.01）。
屈光参差性弱视儿童在神经心理测试中表现较差，尤其是视觉注意力和工作记忆，但在多任务处理方面优于对照组。这些发现突出了屈光参差性弱视对视力以外更广泛的认知影响。
