Kaakinen K, Kaseva H, Kause E R
Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1986 Feb;64(1):105-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1986.tb06882.x.
169 non-selected 1-5 year-old children (338 eyes) were screened by two-flash photoskiascopy with an autofocus camera for strabismus, high anisometropia and high ametropias without cycloplegia. The photography was performed by nurses or technicians and the photographs were analyzed by an optician. The sensitivity of the method for the refractive errors was tested with an optical demonstration eye.
5 esotropias, 1 exotropia, 1 straight-eyed hypermetropic anisometropia of 4 diopters; 1 false positive high hyperopia (of +2.5 diopters) of both eyes. The examination of the photographs showed slight refractive errors in 33 cases (66 eyes; 19.5%): two of them of symmetrical myopia of -1.0 and -1.75 diopters and 31 of symmetrical hyperopia of +0.25 to +4.25 diopters in retinoscopy. 128 cases (256 eyes; 76%) were normal on the photographs. Of these, 37 non-selected cases (74 eyes) were checked clinically and were symmetrical cases of -1.0 to +3.25 diopters on retinoscopy. No false negative cases appeared among these control cases. 2,4% of the photographs failed technically or because of noncooperation of the children. Two-flash photoskiascopy, performed by technicians or nurses provides a valuable tool for mass screening of infants for strabismus and/or ametropia causing amblyopia.
对169名未经过挑选的1至5岁儿童（338只眼）使用自动对焦相机通过双闪光摄影验光法进行斜视、高度屈光参差和高度屈光不正筛查，未使用睫状肌麻痹剂。摄影由护士或技术人员进行，照片由验光师分析。使用光学演示眼测试该方法对屈光不正的敏感度。
5例内斜视、1例外斜视、1例4屈光度的正视远视性屈光参差；1例双眼假阳性高度远视（+2.5屈光度）。照片检查显示33例（66只眼；19.5%）存在轻度屈光不正：其中2例为-1.0和-1.75屈光度的对称性近视，31例为检影验光中+0.25至+4.25屈光度的对称性远视。128例（256只眼；76%）照片显示正常。其中，37例未经过挑选的病例（74只眼）进行了临床检查，检影验光结果为-1.0至+3.25屈光度的对称病例。这些对照病例中未出现假阴性病例。2.4%的照片因技术问题或儿童不配合而失败。由技术人员或护士进行的双闪光摄影验光法为大规模筛查婴儿斜视和/或导致弱视的屈光不正提供了一种有价值的工具。
