Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2018;128:267-294. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.11.005. Epub 2018 Feb 14.
During the first days following fertilization, cells of mammalian embryo gradually lose totipotency, acquiring distinct identity. The first three lineages specified in the mammalian embryo are pluripotent epiblast, which later gives rise to the embryo proper, and two extraembryonic lineages, hypoblast (also known as primitive endoderm) and trophectoderm, which form tissues supporting development of the fetus in utero. Most of our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of early lineage specification in mammals comes from studies in the mouse. However, the growing body of evidence points to both similarities and species-specific differences. Understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of early embryonic development in nonrodent mammals expands our understanding of basic mechanisms of differentiation and is essential for the development of effective protocols for assisted reproduction in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and for biomedical research. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on key events in epiblast, hypoblast, and trophoblast differentiation in domestic mammals.
在受精后的最初几天，哺乳动物胚胎细胞逐渐失去全能性，获得明显的特征。哺乳动物胚胎中最初确定的三个谱系是多能的上胚层，它后来产生胚胎本身，以及两个胚外谱系，下胚层（也称为原始内胚层）和滋养外胚层，它们形成在子宫内支持胎儿发育的组织。我们关于哺乳动物早期谱系特化机制的大部分知识来自于对小鼠的研究。然而，越来越多的证据表明存在相似性和物种特异性差异。了解非啮齿类哺乳动物早期胚胎发育的分子和细胞机制扩展了我们对分化基本机制的理解，对于农业、兽医和生物医学研究中辅助生殖有效方案的开发至关重要。本文综述了家畜中胚上皮、下胚层和滋养外胚层分化的关键事件的最新知识。
