de Souza Guilherme Caldas, de Brito Euzenio Moreira, de Lima Fernandes Débora Cristina, Frota Maria Zeli Moreira, de Araújo Santos Felipe Jules, de Oliveira Ferreira Cynthia, Dos Santos Silva Camila Gurgel, Nakajima Silvia Rocha, Pennini Silmara Navarro, Talhari Sinesio, Pedrosa Valderiza Lourenço, Mira Marcelo, Miot Helio Amante, Talhari Carolina, Leturiondo André Luiz
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Dermatologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Fundação Hospitalar Alfredo da Matta de Dermatologia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Trop Med Int Health. 2025 Jan;30(1):65-69. doi: 10.1111/tmi.14065. Epub 2024 Dec 3.
Sporotrichosis is a neglected tropical disease and the most common subcutaneous mycosis, mainly caused by Sporothrix species, particularly S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii and S. globosa, which exhibit varying biological behaviours and virulence. The epidemic of sporotrichosis in Brazil, initiated in Rio de Janeiro in the late 1990s, rapidly spread to other states, including Amazonas in 2021. This study aimed to identify the specific Sporothrix species responsible for the human sporotrichosis outbreak in the Brazilian Amazon.
A cross-sectional study was conducted by enrolling clinically suspected cases of sporotrichosis attended at a reference dermatologic centre, in Manaus (Brazil). Biological material was collected from their skin lesions for culture (Mycosel) and for species identification (qPCR).
Sporothrix cultures were obtained from 150 cases. Sporotrichosis predominantly affected females (67.3%), aged 44.5 years on average, with lymphocutaneous lesions (72.7%). Sporothrix brasiliensis was identified in 89.3% of patients. Up to 83.3% of these patients reported contact with cats previously to the skin lesion, and the time-spatial progression of the human cases followed the notification of cases in cats, in the metropolitan region of Manaus.
Sporothrix brasiliensis is the dominant species in the zoonotic outbreak of human sporotrichosis in the Brazilian Amazon, with cats identified as the primary vectors. Effective sanitary control measures, education and responsible pet ownership are crucial to mitigating zoonotic sporotrichosis' impact in Brazil and preventing its spread to neighbouring Latin American cities.
孢子丝菌病是一种被忽视的热带疾病，也是最常见的皮下真菌病，主要由孢子丝菌属物种引起，特别是巴西孢子丝菌、申克孢子丝菌和球形孢子丝菌，它们表现出不同的生物学行为和毒力。巴西的孢子丝菌病疫情始于20世纪90年代末的里约热内卢，迅速蔓延到其他州，包括2021年的亚马孙州。本研究旨在确定导致巴西亚马孙地区人类孢子丝菌病暴发的特定孢子丝菌物种。
在巴西玛瑙斯的一家参考皮肤病中心，对临床上疑似孢子丝菌病的病例进行了一项横断面研究。从他们的皮肤病变中采集生物材料用于培养（Mycosel）和物种鉴定（qPCR）。
从150例病例中获得了孢子丝菌培养物。孢子丝菌病主要影响女性（67.3%），平均年龄44.5岁，伴有淋巴皮肤病变（72.7%）。89.3%的患者被鉴定为巴西孢子丝菌。这些患者中高达83.3%报告在皮肤病变出现之前接触过猫，并且人类病例的时空进展与玛瑙斯大都市区猫病例的报告情况一致。
巴西孢子丝菌是巴西亚马孙地区人类孢子丝菌病动物源性暴发中的优势物种，猫被确定为主要传播媒介。有效的卫生控制措施、教育和负责任的宠物饲养对于减轻动物源性孢子丝菌病在巴西的影响以及防止其传播到邻近的拉丁美洲城市至关重要。
