Li Yuxin, Ou Yourong, Fan Kexin, Liu Guozhen
Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Joint Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
Theranostics. 2024 Oct 21;14(18):6969-6990. doi: 10.7150/thno.100600. eCollection 2024.
Saliva contains a diverse array of biomarkers indicative of various diseases. Saliva testing has been a major advancement towards non-invasive point-of-care diagnosis with clinical significance. However, there are challenges associated with salivary diagnosis from sample treatment and standardization. This review highlights the biomarkers in saliva and their role in identifying relevant diseases. It provides an overview and discussion about the current practice of saliva collection and processing, and advancements in saliva detection systems from methods to wearable oral devices. The review also addresses challenges in saliva diagnostics and proposes solutions, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding and practical guidance for improving saliva-based detection in clinical diagnosis. Saliva diagnosis provides a rapid, effective, and safe alternative to traditional blood and urine tests for screening large populations and enhancing infectious disease diagnosis and surveillance. It meets the needs of various fields such as disease management, drug screening, and personalized healthcare with advances in saliva detection systems offering high sensitivity, fast response times, portability, and automation. Standardization of saliva collection, treatment, biomarker discovery, and detection between different laboratories needs to be implemented to obtain reliable salivary diagnosis in clinical practice.
唾液中含有多种指示各种疾病的生物标志物。唾液检测是朝着具有临床意义的非侵入性即时诊断迈出的一项重大进展。然而，从样本处理和标准化方面来看，唾液诊断存在一些挑战。本综述重点介绍了唾液中的生物标志物及其在识别相关疾病中的作用。它概述并讨论了唾液采集和处理的当前做法，以及从方法到可穿戴口腔设备的唾液检测系统的进展。该综述还阐述了唾液诊断中的挑战并提出了解决方案，旨在为改善临床诊断中基于唾液的检测提供全面的理解和实践指导。唾液诊断为传统血液和尿液检测提供了一种快速、有效且安全的替代方法，用于对大量人群进行筛查，并加强传染病的诊断和监测。随着唾液检测系统在高灵敏度、快速响应时间、便携性和自动化方面的进步，它满足了疾病管理、药物筛查和个性化医疗等各个领域的需求。需要在不同实验室之间实现唾液采集、处理、生物标志物发现和检测的标准化，以便在临床实践中获得可靠的唾液诊断。
