Integrated Devices and Intelligent Diagnosis (ID2) Laboratory, CUHK(SZ)-Boyalife Regenerative Medicine Engineering Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
ACS Sens. 2024 Aug 23;9(8):4265-4276. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01306. Epub 2024 Jul 20.
Homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are critical biomarkers for numerous chronic diseases, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the most prevalent. The ability to simultaneously detect both biomarkers in point-of-care settings is in high demand for CVD early diagnosis and prevention. Herein, we prepared the eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles decorated with -phenylenediamine (PPD) on the surface to facilitate the subsequent attachment of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to achieve EGaIn-PPD@Au, which was modified on the screen-printed electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs). Aptamers that are specific to Hcy and CRP were then immobilized on the EGaIn-PPD@Au surface to achieve the sensing interface on ePADs. The presence of EGaIn-PPD@Au significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity, leading to amplified electrochemical signals. This aptasensor demonstrated high specificity, capable of detecting Hcy in a range of 1-50 μM with a detection limit of 0.22 μM, and the detection range for CRP was 1-100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.039 ng/mL. The aptasensor also effectively detected Hcy and CRP in clinical saliva samples, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of about 0.80 when the individual biomarker was considered and 0.93 when both biomarkers were taken into account. The positive correlation observed between salivary and blood concentrations of Hcy and CRP, coupled with their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggested the potential of this methodology as a noninvasive point-of-care strategy for the early diagnosis of CVD.
同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）和 C 反应蛋白（CRP）是许多慢性疾病的关键生物标志物，其中心血管疾病（CVD）最为普遍。在即时检测环境中同时检测这两种生物标志物的能力对于 CVD 的早期诊断和预防具有重要意义。在此，我们制备了表面带有对苯二胺（PPD）的共晶镓铟（EGaIn）纳米粒子，以方便随后将金纳米粒子（AuNPs）附着到其上，得到 EGaIn-PPD@Au，然后将其修饰在丝网印刷电化学纸质分析器件（ePADs）上。然后将针对 Hcy 和 CRP 的适体固定在 EGaIn-PPD@Au 表面上，以在 ePADs 上实现传感界面。EGaIn-PPD@Au 的存在显著增强了电导率，从而放大了电化学信号。该适体传感器具有高特异性，能够在 1-50 μM 的范围内检测 Hcy，检测限为 0.22 μM，CRP 的检测范围为 1-100 ng/mL，检测限为 0.039 ng/mL。该适体传感器还能够有效检测临床唾液样本中的 Hcy 和 CRP，当单独考虑单个生物标志物时，其曲线下面积（AUC）约为 0.80，当同时考虑两个生物标志物时，AUC 约为 0.93。观察到唾液和血液中 Hcy 和 CRP 浓度之间存在正相关，并且它们与心血管疾病（CVD）相关，这表明该方法具有作为 CVD 早期诊断的非侵入性即时检测策略的潜力。
