Natarajan Iswarya, Rajendran Kathiravan, Narayanan Seetharaman, Shanmugam Jeevithan
3rd Year MBBS, Department of Community Medicine, KMCHIHSR, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Community Medicine, PSGIMSR, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 Oct;13(10):4539-4544. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_91_24. Epub 2024 Oct 18.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related infectious diseases contribute to approximately 5% of the global disease burden. Despite sanitation being a human right, 673 million people worldwide had limited access to toilets. To tackle the same, Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin (SBM-G) was launched in 2014 to facilitate the construction of over 100 million individual household latrines (IHHLs) across India. However, literature evidence on acceptance of SBM-G in Tamil Nadu, particularly in Coimbatore, is scarce.
The primary objective was to investigate the utilisation of the SBM-G scheme and its associated factors in rural Coimbatore.
In 2022, a mixed-methods study incorporating quantitative (using a purpose-designed questionnaire) and qualitative (using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) components was conducted among 60 SBM-G beneficiaries in Kovai Medical Center and Hospital Institute of Health Sciences and Research (KMCH IHSR)'s rural field practice area. Quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v23 and qualitative data using manual thematic content analysis.
Before IHHL construction, 93.7% of respondents practiced open-air defecation (OAD). The issues perceived with OAD were distance (28.8%) and privacy concerns (12.5%). After SBM-G implementation, 78.3% reported using the IHHL 'all the time', reflecting a substantial shift in behaviour. Most respondents received financial aid within about six months (INR 8,000), often in a single instalment. The majority had constructed their IHHLs before 2015. The expenditures incurred varied significantly, with 58.3% spending extra costs ranging between INR 10,000 and 30,000. Water supply to households significantly influenced IHHL usage.
While rural villagers appreciate the SBM-G financial assistance for IHHLs, concerns about the inadequacy of the sanctioned amount for proper piped water supply and septic tanks persist. Nonetheless, there is a clear demonstration of positive behavioural change, marked by reduced OAD and increased IHHL usage.
与水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）相关的传染病约占全球疾病负担的5%。尽管环境卫生是一项人权，但全球仍有6.73亿人使用厕所的机会有限。为了解决这一问题，2014年启动了“清洁印度运动——农村”（SBM-G），以推动在印度各地建造超过1亿个家庭独立厕所（IHHL）。然而，关于泰米尔纳德邦，特别是哥印拜陀地区对SBM-G的接受情况的文献证据很少。
主要目的是调查哥印拜陀农村地区SBM-G计划的使用情况及其相关因素。
2022年，在哥印拜陀医疗中心和医院健康科学与研究学院（KMCH IHSR）的农村实地实践区，对60名SBM-G受益人开展了一项混合方法研究，该研究包括定量（使用专门设计的问卷）和定性（使用深入访谈和焦点小组讨论）两部分。定量数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）v23进行分析，定性数据使用手动主题内容分析。
在建造家庭独立厕所之前，93.7%的受访者有露天排便（OAD）的习惯。露天排便存在的问题包括距离（28.8%）和隐私问题（12.5%）。在实施SBM-G之后，78.3%的受访者表示“一直”使用家庭独立厕所，这反映出行为上的显著转变。大多数受访者在大约六个月内获得了经济援助（8000印度卢比），通常是一次性支付。大多数人的家庭独立厕所是在2015年之前建造的。产生的费用差异很大，58.3%的人额外花费在10000至30000印度卢比之间。家庭供水对家庭独立厕所的使用有显著影响。
虽然农村村民赞赏SBM-G为家庭独立厕所提供的经济援助，但对于用于适当的管道供水和化粪池的批准金额不足仍存在担忧。尽管如此，仍有明显的积极行为改变表现，即露天排便减少，家庭独立厕所使用增加。
