Vena J E, Cookfair D L, Fiedler R C, Barnes R E
Am J Ind Med. 1986;9(2):159-69. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700090207.
Women have become an increasingly important segment of the total work force, yet there are very few published occupational mortality studies of female workers. This paper reports the findings of a retrospective cohort mortality study of 1,371 full-time female municipal employees of the City of Buffalo, New York, who were employed at least 1 day between January 1, 1950, and October 1, 1979, and who worked a minimum of 5 years. Vital status was ascertained for 88% of the female cohort, resulting in the identification of 214 observed deaths. This predominantly white-collar, service-oriented female cohort demonstrated significantly lower mortality than that expected based on U.S. mortality rates for white females. This strong "healthy-worker effect" was consistent across the time period of the study, across cause-specific mortality especially for all malignant neoplasms and all diseases of the circulatory system, and across different workers groups. Findings are discussed in light of the methodological issues involved in occupational studies of female workers.
女性在劳动力总数中所占的比例日益重要，但针对女性工人的职业死亡率研究却鲜有发表。本文报告了一项针对纽约州布法罗市1371名全职女性市政雇员的回顾性队列死亡率研究结果，这些女性在1950年1月1日至1979年10月1日期间至少工作过1天，且工作年限不少于5年。该女性队列中88%的人的生命状态得以确定，共确认了214例观察到的死亡病例。这个以白领、服务型为主的女性队列的死亡率显著低于基于美国白人女性死亡率预期的水平。这种强烈的“健康工人效应”在研究期间、特定病因死亡率（尤其是所有恶性肿瘤和所有循环系统疾病）以及不同工人群体中都是一致的。本文根据女性工人职业研究中涉及的方法学问题对研究结果进行了讨论。
