Marcinkiewicz Andrzej, Szkiela Marta
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Departament of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health).
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024 Dec 9;37(5):535-544. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02349. Epub 2024 Nov 28.
This publication analyses the activities of physicians and occupational medicine units in Poland during this period.
The analysis of the number of physicians and units of occupational medicine and the preventive and judicial activities they carried out was based on the MZ-35 and MZ-35A statistical forms, which constitute mandatory medical reporting.
In Poland, during the pandemic, the number of physicians authorized to perform preventive examinations of employees decreased by 9.3% (6597 in 2019 vs. 5984 physicians in 2022). At the same time, the number of basic units of the occupational medicine where preventive examinations of employees decreased from 5974 to 5534 (by 7.4%). The average number of preventive examinations performed annually on employees throughout the pandemic decreased by 9.4% from 5 429 808 (in 2015-2019) to 4 923 161 (in 2020-2023). In the first 2 years of the pandemic, the share of decisions on health contraindications to perform professional activities in the position indicated in the referral increased slightly. During the pandemic, there was also a significant decrease in the number of visits carried out by occupational medicine physicians, both to entire workplaces (by 46%) and to individual positions (by 49%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, occupational medicine physicians reported almost 3 times more suspected occupational diseases than in previous years (an average of 1736 reports per year compared to 673 reports in 2015-2019). The most reports were recorded in 2020 (N = 2183).
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the preventive activities performed by occupational medicine physicians. Reducing the number of mandatory medical examinations of employees during the pandemic could have led to the construction of a health debt of the working population, both in terms of limiting the unfavourable impact of working conditions and worsening the chances of early detection of lifestyle diseases. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(5):535-44.
本出版物分析了这一时期波兰医生和职业医学单位的活动。
对医生人数、职业医学单位数量以及他们开展的预防和司法活动的分析基于MZ - 35和MZ - 35A统计表格，这些构成了强制性医疗报告。
在波兰，疫情期间，被授权对员工进行预防性检查的医生人数减少了9.3%（2019年为6597人，2022年为5984人）。与此同时，进行员工预防性检查的职业医学基本单位数量从5974个减少到5534个（减少了7.4%）。在整个疫情期间，每年对员工进行的预防性检查平均数量从5429808次（2015 - 2019年）减少到4923161次（减少了9.4%）。在疫情的头两年，在转诊中指明的职位上，关于职业活动健康禁忌的决定比例略有增加。疫情期间，职业医学医生进行的访视数量也大幅减少，对整个工作场所的访视减少了46%，对个别职位的访视减少了49%。在新冠疫情期间，职业医学医生报告的疑似职业病几乎是前几年的3倍（平均每年1736份报告，而2015 - 2019年为673份报告）。报告最多的是2020年（N = 2183）。
新冠疫情对职业医学医生开展的预防活动产生了重大影响。疫情期间减少对员工的强制性医学检查数量，可能导致在职人群健康债务的累积，这既体现在限制工作条件的不利影响方面，也体现在恶化生活方式疾病早期发现的机会方面。《国际职业医学与环境卫生杂志》。2024年；37(5):535 - 44。
