An optimal design for an automatic voltage regulation system using a multivariable PID controller based on hybrid simulated annealing - white shark optimization.

This paper combines the simulated annealing (SA) and white shark optimisation (WSO) algorithms to create a novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm named SA-WSO. The proposed algorithm finds the best approach to tuning the parameters of three types of regulators. Three types of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are utilized for an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system, including fractional-order (FOPID) -controllers. A novel filtered fractional-order PID controller is also presented to enhance the response of the AVR system. The simulation results demonstrate the highly effective optimisation of three controllers, including the rarely used filtrated-FOPID controller, outperforming other controller approaches in the state of the art. The controller performance analyses are also conducted to demonstrate the superiority of SA-WSO-optimized for tuning the controller parameters in different conditions for disturbance rejection and robustness. A comprehensive comparative analysis is performed to determine the most appropriate controller for the AVR system, and it is found that hybrid SA-WSO algorithm provides significant advantages in terms of improved convergence speed.