Osorio López Erick Antonio, Urquieta-Salomón José Edmundo, Alfaro Quevedo Pinos Martí, Espinoza Suárez José B, Becerril-Montekio Víctor, Espinosa-Henao Olga Elena, Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía de México Ciudad de México México Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía de México, Ciudad de México, México.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2024 Dec 4;48:e134. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2024.134. eCollection 2024.
To estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the supply, uptake, coverage, and timeliness of vaccination in children under 5 years of age in Ecuador.
Concurrent mixed-methods design with two rapid evaluation cycles. In each cycle, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were administered to health personnel and mothers of children under 5. The instruments explored the immunization program in terms of supply (availability of material and personnel) and uptake (demand and access). To estimate vaccination coverage, we randomly sampled children under 5 in five provinces and analyzed monthly administrative program records for the period 2017-2020.
Approximately 50% of respondents perceived a reduction in personnel and supplies for the program. The demand for care declined 26% between 2020 and 2021, mainly due to fear of contracting COVID-19 in health facilities. Access to program services was affected by changes in schedules, ventilated spaces, and the provision of virtual care, none of which were well accepted by the population. Only 50% of children under 1 year of age completed their full vaccination schedule, and most vaccines were not administered in a timely manner.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the immunization program in terms of supply and uptake. This led to a precipitous decline in the coverage and timeliness of vaccination, which have fallen to suboptimal levels in children under 5 in Ecuador. This has increased the risk of children contracting vaccine-preventable diseases.
评估新冠疫情对厄瓜多尔5岁以下儿童疫苗接种的供应、接种率、覆盖率及及时性的影响。
采用包含两个快速评估周期的并行混合方法设计。在每个周期中，对卫生人员和5岁以下儿童的母亲进行问卷调查和半结构化访谈。这些工具从供应（物资和人员的可获得性）和接种率（需求和可及性）方面探讨了免疫规划。为估算疫苗接种覆盖率，我们在五个省份对5岁以下儿童进行随机抽样，并分析了2017 - 2020年期间的月度行政项目记录。
约50%的受访者认为该项目的人员和物资有所减少。2020年至2021年期间，护理需求下降了26%，主要原因是担心在医疗机构感染新冠病毒。项目服务的可及性受到日程安排变化、通风空间及虚拟护理提供情况的影响，而这些都未被民众很好地接受。只有50%的1岁以下儿童完成了全程疫苗接种计划，且大多数疫苗未及时接种。
新冠疫情在供应和接种率方面对免疫规划产生了负面影响。这导致疫苗接种覆盖率和及时性急剧下降，在厄瓜多尔5岁以下儿童中降至不理想水平。这增加了儿童感染疫苗可预防疾病的风险。
