Sharma Mohit, Singh Snehil K, Sharma Lokesh, Dwiwedi Manish K, Agarwal Deepika, Gupta Gajendra K, Dhiman Ranjit
Department of Community Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar City, Punjab, India.
Santosh World Medical University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Nov;10(11):3991-3997. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1102_21. Epub 2021 Nov 29.
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 is a threat to various routine healthcare services. India's routine immunization (RI) campaign is one of largest ever known. In this review, we discuss the magnitude of disruption of RI activities due to COVID-19 pandemic, various causes of it and recommend ways to reduce the disruptions. Prominent literature databases were searched till April 30, 2021 for articles reporting disruptions of RI due to COVID-19. One study from India and numerous from outside India reported significant declines in the vaccine coverage rates during the lockdown period, which ranged from March 2020 till August 2020 in different regions of the world. Some reported disruptions for all vaccines, while a few reported sparing of birth doses. Shortage of healthcare workers due for them being diverted to patient care services and their reduced movement due to lockdowns and non-availability of public transport were prominent causes. Parents avoided RI sessions as they feared them or their children getting infected. They also faced travel restrictions, just like the healthcare workers. Children of school entry age and those from poorer socio-demographic profile appeared to miss the doses more frequently. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India has issued guidelines for conducting fixed and outreach RI sessions while following COVID-appropriate behavior. Promptly identifying missed out children and scheduling catch-up sessions is required to sustain the gains made over the decades by the immunization program of India.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的持续大流行对各种常规医疗服务构成威胁。印度的常规免疫接种（RI）活动是有史以来规模最大的活动之一。在本综述中，我们讨论了COVID-19大流行导致的RI活动中断的程度、其各种原因，并推荐了减少中断的方法。我们检索了著名的文献数据库，直至2021年4月30日，以查找报告因COVID-19导致RI中断的文章。一项来自印度的研究以及众多来自印度以外的研究报告称，在封锁期间疫苗接种覆盖率显著下降，封锁期在2020年3月至2020年8月期间，不同地区有所不同。一些报告称所有疫苗接种均中断，而少数报告称出生剂量接种未受影响。医护人员被调往患者护理服务岗位导致短缺，以及由于封锁和公共交通停运导致他们行动受限，是主要原因。家长因担心自己或孩子感染而避开RI接种活动。他们也面临着与医护人员一样的出行限制。入学年龄的儿童以及社会人口统计学特征较差的儿童似乎更频繁地错过接种剂量。印度卫生与家庭福利部已发布指南，要求在遵循COVID-19适当行为的同时开展固定和外展RI接种活动。需要及时识别错过接种的儿童并安排补种活动，以维持印度免疫规划在过去几十年所取得的成果。
