Tan Jie, Fang Hanxi, Hu Xiao, Yue Ming, Yang Junling
Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Front Mol Biosci. 2024 Nov 20;11:1476080. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1476080. eCollection 2024.
The Omicron variant's high transmissibility has made it the most widespread novel coronavirus variant. Elevated serum β2-MG levels from viral infections and EOS' role in viral clearance have garnered attention. However, their predictive value for Omicron's severity and prognosis needs further exploration.
This retrospective study included 424 patients with confirmed COVID-19 Omicron variant admitted to the Second Hospital of Jilin University in Changchun, China, of whom 128 experienced in-hospital mortality. Patients were divided into high and low groups according to β2-MG and EOS levels; the relationship between disease severity and patient prognosis was analyzed.
Our findings showed that severe-to-critical Omicron patients had higher β2-MG levels than mild-normal patients. Conversely, EOS levels were higher in mild-moderate cases. Both β2-MG and EOS levels normalized when Omicron patients tested negative for nucleic acid. Deceased Omicron patients had significantly lower pre-mortem EOS levels. Elevated β2-MG and lower EOS levels correlated with reduced overall survival. Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that elevated β2-MG was an independent adverse prognostic factor for Omicron patients.
High serum β2-MG levels and low eosinophil levels upon admission correlate with omicron variant severity and prognosis. β2-MG is an independent risk factor for poor outcomes in omicron patients.
奥密克戎变异株的高传播性使其成为传播最广泛的新型冠状病毒变异株。病毒感染导致血清β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）水平升高以及嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）在病毒清除中的作用已受到关注。然而，它们对奥密克戎变异株严重程度和预后的预测价值有待进一步探索。
这项回顾性研究纳入了424例确诊感染奥密克戎变异株的新冠肺炎患者，这些患者均入住中国长春吉林大学第二医院，其中128例在住院期间死亡。根据β2-MG和EOS水平将患者分为高、低两组；分析疾病严重程度与患者预后之间的关系。
我们的研究结果表明，奥密克戎变异株感染的重症至危重症患者的β2-MG水平高于轻症至普通型患者。相反，轻症至中型病例的EOS水平较高。当奥密克戎变异株感染患者核酸检测呈阴性时，β2-MG和EOS水平均恢复正常。死亡的奥密克戎变异株感染患者生前EOS水平显著降低。β2-MG升高和EOS水平降低与总生存率降低相关。多因素COX回归分析表明，β2-MG升高是奥密克戎变异株感染患者独立的不良预后因素。
入院时血清β2-MG水平升高和嗜酸性粒细胞水平降低与奥密克戎变异株感染的严重程度和预后相关。β2-MG是奥密克戎变异株感染患者预后不良的独立危险因素。
