Khandelwal Drishti, Bhattacharya Aheli, Kumari Vanshika, Gupta Sachchidanand Soaham, Ranjan Kumar Rakesh, Mishra Vivek
Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP-201313, India.
Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP-201313, India.
J Mater Chem B. 2025 Jan 15;13(3):802-820. doi: 10.1039/d4tb02107j.
Cancer remains a major global health challenge with a high mortality rate, as evidenced by the rise in new cases every year. Conventional diagnostic methods like PET scans, MRIs, and biopsies, despite being widely used, suffer from significant drawbacks such as high radiation exposure, difficulty in distinguishing malignant from benign tumors, and invasiveness. Early detection, which is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates, is hindered by the asymptomatic nature of early-stage cancer and the limitations of current diagnostic tools. Cancer biomarkers, detectable in body fluids, offer valuable diagnostic information, and recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of highly sensitive nano-biosensors. This review explores recent advancements (2022-2024) in the field of ultrasensitive nano-biosensors, emphasizing the strategic integration of nanomaterials to enhance sensitivity and accuracy in cancer biomarker detection. It highlights how precise nanomaterial positioning in sensor components like electrodes and bioreceptors enables early cancer diagnosis at low biomarker concentrations. These innovations underscore the transformative potential of nanomaterials in revolutionizing early cancer diagnostics, improving patient care, and enhancing survival outcomes.
癌症仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，死亡率很高，每年新增病例的增加就证明了这一点。像正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、磁共振成像（MRI）和活检等传统诊断方法，尽管被广泛使用，但存在显著缺点，如辐射暴露高、难以区分恶性肿瘤和良性肿瘤以及具有侵入性。早期检测对于改善治疗效果和生存率至关重要，但由于早期癌症的无症状性质以及当前诊断工具的局限性而受到阻碍。可在体液中检测到的癌症生物标志物提供了有价值的诊断信息，并且纳米技术的最新进展导致了高灵敏度纳米生物传感器的开发。本综述探讨了超灵敏纳米生物传感器领域的最新进展（2022 - 2024年），强调了纳米材料的战略整合，以提高癌症生物标志物检测的灵敏度和准确性。它突出了纳米材料在传感器组件（如电极和生物受体）中的精确定位如何能够在低生物标志物浓度下实现早期癌症诊断。这些创新强调了纳米材料在彻底改变早期癌症诊断、改善患者护理和提高生存结果方面的变革潜力。
