Sadri Shadi, Aghajani Ali, Soleimani Hiva, Ghorbani Kalkhajeh Sourena, Nazari Haniyeh, Brouki Milan Peiman, Peyravian Noshad, Pezeshkian Zahra, Malekzadeh Kebria Maziar, Shirazi Fatemeh, Shams Elahe, Naderi Noukabadi Fatemeh, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad Ehsan, Salehi Zahra
Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Centre, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran.
School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Biochem Genet. 2025 Apr;63(2):1116-1148. doi: 10.1007/s10528-024-10988-y. Epub 2024 Dec 5.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important public health issue and is the third most common cancer, accounting for approximately 10% of all cancer cases worldwide. CRC results from the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in the normal epithelial cells of the colon and rectum, leading to the development of colorectal polyps and invasive carcinomas. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway is regulated in many diseases, such as cancer. This factor can show tumor suppressant function in the early stages in healthy and cancer cells. It can be regulated and affected by different factors, including noncoding RNAs, which are the remarkable regulators for this pathway. The most prominent functions of this factor are cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. However, activating at the final stages of the cell cycle can cause tumor metastasis. Thus, the dual function of TGF-β and the pleiotropic nature of this signaling make it a crucial challenge for cancer treatment. Accurately studying the TGF-β signaling pathway is critical to determine its role. One of the roles of TGF-β signaling is its significant effect on colorectal polyp malignancy and cancer. In this article, we review the published scientific papers regarding the TGF-β signaling pathway, its related genes, and their contribution to precancerous conditions and colorectal cancer progression. The complex interaction of the TGF-β signaling pathway with noncoding RNAs, such as lncRNA TUG1 and miR-21, significantly influences colorectal polyp and cancer progression. Identifying dysregulated TGF-β-related noncoding RNAs offers promising therapeutic avenues for colorectal cancer. Comprehending TGF-β's connection to other molecular mechanisms is crucial for advancing effective therapeutic strategies.
结直肠癌（CRC）是一个重要的公共卫生问题，是第三大常见癌症，约占全球所有癌症病例的10%。CRC是由结肠和直肠正常上皮细胞中多种基因和表观遗传改变的积累导致的，从而引发结直肠息肉和浸润性癌的发展。转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）通路在许多疾病（如癌症）中受到调控。该因子在健康细胞和癌细胞的早期阶段可发挥肿瘤抑制功能。它可受到包括非编码RNA在内的不同因素的调控和影响，而非编码RNA是该通路的重要调节因子。该因子最显著的功能是使癌细胞发生细胞周期停滞和凋亡。然而，在细胞周期的最后阶段激活它会导致肿瘤转移。因此，TGF-β的双重功能及其信号传导的多效性使其成为癌症治疗的一项关键挑战。准确研究TGF-β信号通路对于确定其作用至关重要。TGF-β信号传导的作用之一是对结直肠息肉恶变和癌症有显著影响。在本文中，我们综述了已发表的关于TGF-β信号通路、其相关基因以及它们对癌前病变和结直肠癌进展的贡献的科学论文。TGF-β信号通路与lncRNA TUG1和miR-21等非编码RNA的复杂相互作用，显著影响结直肠息肉和癌症的进展。识别失调的TGF-β相关非编码RNA为结直肠癌提供了有前景的治疗途径。理解TGF-β与其他分子机制的联系对于推进有效的治疗策略至关重要。
