Shuman Saskia, Berhane Timnit, Madden Devin, Larson Rita, Jacobs Ariel, Chiofalo Jacqueline, Vangeepuram Nita
The Institute for Family Health, 2006 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10035, USA.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Dec 5. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-02243-2.
New York City (NYC) was the first epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccines by 2021, vaccination rates varied among racial and ethnic groups, further exacerbating COVID-19-related health disparities. This study explores the relationship between vaccination status and perspectives on COVID-19-related topics among racially and ethnically diverse NYC residents. The New York Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (NYCEAL) conducted focus groups with NYC residents to explore their perceptions about vaccine effectiveness and barriers to vaccination that may impact vaccine decision-making. We conducted seven focus groups between December 2021 and April 2022 in English and Spanish with individuals grouped based on vaccination status: (1) those vaccinated when vaccines first became available, (2) those vaccinated after mandates were announced, and (3) those who remained unvaccinated. Transcripts were initially analyzed using a priori and in vivo codes, and the team utilized framework analysis to examine similarities and differences across groups. Emerging themes centered on trust in science, perceived vaccine effectiveness, and the evolution of people's COVID-19-related perspectives, experiences, and behaviors over time. Although there were distinctions between groups on concepts like trust in science and perceived vaccine effectiveness, people's cognitive biases seemed to affect their perceptions but not necessarily their (vaccine-related) behaviors. Findings from this study may help public health professionals understand vaccine decision-making from the perspective of a diverse set of New Yorkers for use during future epidemics.
纽约市是美国新冠疫情的首个震中。尽管到2021年已有新冠疫苗，但不同种族和族裔群体的疫苗接种率存在差异，这进一步加剧了与新冠相关的健康差距。本研究探讨了纽约市不同种族和族裔居民的疫苗接种状况与对新冠相关话题的看法之间的关系。纽约抗击新冠差异社区参与联盟（NYCEAL）与纽约市居民进行了焦点小组讨论，以探究他们对疫苗有效性的看法以及可能影响疫苗决策的接种障碍。2021年12月至2022年4月期间，我们用英语和西班牙语进行了七个焦点小组讨论，参与者根据疫苗接种状况分组：（1）疫苗刚可用时就接种的人，（2）强制接种令宣布后接种的人，（3）仍未接种的人。访谈记录最初使用先验编码和现场编码进行分析，研究团队利用框架分析来考察各组之间的异同。新出现的主题集中在对科学的信任、感知到的疫苗有效性，以及人们对新冠相关的看法、经历和行为随时间的演变。尽管在对科学的信任和感知到的疫苗有效性等概念上，各组之间存在差异，但人们的认知偏差似乎影响了他们的看法，而不一定影响他们（与疫苗相关的）行为。本研究的结果可能有助于公共卫生专业人员从不同纽约人的角度理解疫苗决策，以便在未来疫情期间加以应用。
