Thangaraj Arulprakash, Kaul Rashmi, Sharda Shivani, Kaul Tanushri
Nutritional Improvement of Crops Group, Plant Molecular Biology Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India; Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Jan;742:151084. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.151084. Epub 2024 Nov 27.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), a vital global cash crop, significantly impacts both the agricultural and industrial sectors, providing essential fiber for textiles and valuable byproducts such as cottonseed oil and animal feed. The cultivation of cotton supports millions of livelihoods worldwide, particularly in developing regions, making it a cornerstone of rural economies. Despite its importance, cotton production faces numerous challenges, including biotic stresses from pests and diseases, and abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures. These challenges necessitate innovative solutions to ensure sustainable production. Genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR/Cas9, have revolutionized cotton breeding by enabling precise genetic modifications. These advancements hold promise for developing cotton varieties with enhanced resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses. Early genome editing tools like ZFNs and TALENs paved the way for more precise modifications but were limited by complexity and cost. The introduction of CRISPR/Cas-based technology with its simplicity and efficiency, has dramatically transformed the field, making it the preferred tool for genome editing in crops. Improved version of the technology like CRISPR/Cas12a, CRISPR/Cas13, base and prime editing, developed from CRISPR/Cas systems, provide additional tools with distinct mechanisms, further expanding their potential applications in crop improvement. This comprehensive review explores the impact of genome editing on cotton breeding and production. It discusses the technical challenges, including off-target effects and delivery methods for genome editing components, and highlights ongoing research efforts to overcome these hurdles. The review underscores the potential of genome editing technologies to revolutionize cotton cultivation, enhancing yield, quality, and resilience, ultimately contributing to a sustainable future for the cotton industry.
棉花（陆地棉）是一种重要的全球经济作物，对农业和工业部门都有重大影响，为纺织品提供重要纤维以及棉籽油和动物饲料等有价值的副产品。棉花种植支撑着全球数百万人的生计，特别是在发展中地区，使其成为农村经济的基石。尽管其重要性，但棉花生产面临众多挑战，包括病虫害等生物胁迫以及干旱、盐碱化和极端温度等非生物胁迫。这些挑战需要创新解决方案以确保可持续生产。基因组编辑技术，特别是CRISPR/Cas9，通过实现精确的基因修饰彻底改变了棉花育种。这些进展有望培育出对病虫害和环境胁迫具有更强抗性的棉花品种。早期的基因组编辑工具如ZFNs和TALENs为更精确的修饰铺平了道路，但受到复杂性和成本的限制。基于CRISPR/Cas的技术因其简单性和高效性的引入，极大地改变了该领域，使其成为作物基因组编辑的首选工具。从CRISPR/Cas系统发展而来的该技术的改进版本如CRISPR/Cas12a、CRISPR/Cas13、碱基编辑和引导编辑，提供了具有不同机制的额外工具，进一步扩大了它们在作物改良中的潜在应用。这篇全面综述探讨了基因组编辑对棉花育种和生产的影响。它讨论了技术挑战，包括脱靶效应和基因组编辑组件的递送方法，并强调了为克服这些障碍正在进行的研究工作。该综述强调了基因组编辑技术革新棉花种植、提高产量、品质和抗逆性的潜力，最终为棉花产业的可持续未来做出贡献。
