Baecher Helena, Scheiflinger Alexandra, Remy Katya, Straub Niklas, Maheta Bhagvat, Sherwani Khalil, Deniz Can, Knoedler Samuel, Safi Ali-Farid, Kauke-Navarro Martin, Heiland Max, Knoedler Leonard
Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
JPRAS Open. 2024 Oct 17;43:1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.10.005. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Facial implants have emerged as pivotal tools for both reconstructive and aesthetic skull bone augmentation. Contemporary manufacturing techniques, such as computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems, have revolutionized facial implants production, providing the advantages of high-level individualization. However, the absence of standardized facial measurements complicates the ability to accurately compare outcomes across various techniques. This systematic review investigates the strengths and limitations of various facial measurements employed in facial implants, with a particular focus on their impact on aesthetic outcomes and potential complications.
We identified 13 studies in our comprehensive search across PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases.
In total, 620 patients were included. The majority of the chosen studies focused on aesthetic purposes (69%). Primarily, mandibular (46%) or nasal regions (23%) were investigated, with porous polyethylene (31%), silicone (23%), and polyetheretherketone (23%) being the most utilized materials. Despite considerable heterogeneity in measurement approaches, including variations in reference points and angles, complications such as surgical site infections and nerve-related injuries were reported in the included studies.
Our review highlights the importance of standardized facial analysis for optimal implant planning. Future research should prioritize the development of uniform measurement concepts tailored to diverse implant applications to enhance outcomes and patient satisfaction in facial implantation.
面部植入物已成为颅骨重建和美容性颅骨增大的关键工具。当代制造技术，如计算机辅助设计与制造（CAD-CAM）系统，彻底改变了面部植入物的生产方式，提供了高度个性化的优势。然而，缺乏标准化的面部测量使得准确比较各种技术的效果变得复杂。本系统综述调查了面部植入物中使用的各种面部测量方法的优缺点，特别关注它们对美学效果和潜在并发症的影响。
我们在PubMed/MEDLINE、科学网、EMBASE和CENTRAL数据库的全面检索中确定了13项研究。
总共纳入了620名患者。所选研究大多聚焦于美容目的（69%）。主要研究了下颌（46%）或鼻区（23%），使用最多的材料是多孔聚乙烯（31%）、硅胶（23%）和聚醚醚酮（23%）。尽管测量方法存在相当大的异质性，包括参考点和角度的变化，但纳入研究中报告了手术部位感染和神经相关损伤等并发症。
我们的综述强调了标准化面部分析对优化植入物规划的重要性。未来的研究应优先开发适合不同植入物应用的统一测量概念，以提高面部植入的效果和患者满意度。
