Chen Yongkang, Zhong Jian, Chen Xuanqi, Li Xiaomin, Pu Haiqi, Chen Baoyang, Guo Yucai, Chen Anqi, Li Wenjie, Hu Peng, Zhu Xinliang, Zhao Wei, Niu Jin
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
Zhanjiang Customs District, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
Anim Nutr. 2024 Sep 26;19:313-324. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.07.005. eCollection 2024 Dec.
This study evaluated the effect of black soldier fly () larvae oil (BO) produced by a novel technique, subcritical butane extraction, on the flesh quality, lipid nutrients and muscle growth of rainbow trout () fillet, and investigated the alleviating mechanisms of dietary astaxanthin (AST) supplementation. Two hundred and forty fish (215.16 ± 2.30 g) were distributed to three groups with four replicates. Fish were fed three experimental diets for 8 weeks: the control diet (CD diet), total fish oil of the CD diet was replaced with BO to formulate the BO100 diet, and then 1 g/kg AST was supplemented with the BO100 diet to formulate the AST diet. Results showed that the final body weight and the sarcomere length of fillet were significantly increased and the protein phosphorylation levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 S6 kinase were enhanced in the BO100 group compared to the CD group ( < 0.05). However, there was a reduction in the hardness, springiness and chewiness of fillets, with a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in the fish of the BO100 group ( < 0.05). Supplementation of AST in the BO100 diet mitigated the impairment of springiness and chewiness and further promoted the sarcomere length of fillet ( < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary AST partially restored the EPA and DHA content of fillet by increasing the phosphorylation levels of serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) ( < 0.05) and activating the gene expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. To conclude, BO produced by subcritical butane extraction can be a readily available oil source for rainbow trout feed that can be used to promote muscle growth in rainbow trout. Further dietary AST supplementation can alleviate BO-induced lipid accumulation, restore DHA levels and improve the flesh quality of rainbow trout fillet.
本研究评估了采用新型技术亚临界丁烷萃取法生产的黑水虻幼虫油（BO）对虹鳟鱼片肉质、脂质营养和肌肉生长的影响，并研究了日粮添加虾青素（AST）的缓解机制。将240尾鱼（215.16±2.30克）分为三组，每组四个重复。给鱼投喂三种实验饲料，为期8周：对照饲料（CD饲料），将CD饲料中的全部鱼油用BO替代，配制成BO100饲料，然后在BO100饲料中添加1克/千克AST，配制成AST饲料。结果表明，与CD组相比，BO100组的终末体重和鱼片肌节长度显著增加，雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）和p70 S6激酶的蛋白磷酸化水平增强（P<0.05）。然而，BO100组鱼的鱼片硬度、弹性和咀嚼性降低，二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）水平下降（P<0.05）。在BO100饲料中添加AST减轻了弹性和咀嚼性的损伤，并进一步促进了鱼片的肌节长度（P<0.05）。此外，日粮AST通过提高丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶（AKT）和AMP激活蛋白激酶α（AMPKα）的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）以及激活不饱和脂肪酸合成的基因表达，部分恢复了鱼片的EPA和DHA含量。总之，亚临界丁烷萃取法生产的BO可以作为虹鳟饲料中一种现成的油源，用于促进虹鳟肌肉生长。进一步添加日粮AST可以减轻BO诱导的脂质积累，恢复DHA水平，提高虹鳟鱼片的肉质。
