Fawole Femi J, Labh Shyam N, Hossain Md Sakhawat, Overturf Ken, Small Brian C, Welker Thomas L, Hardy Ronald W, Kumar Vikas
Aquaculture Research Institute, Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Hagerman, ID, USA.
Anim Nutr. 2021 Dec;7(4):1360-1370. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.07.008. Epub 2021 Oct 11.
Alternative sources of fish oil (FO) are one of the major problems in aquaculture; therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil (BSLO) as a potential replacer of fish/soy oil in juvenile rainbow trout (initial average weight of 32 ± 0.15 g) feed. Four diets were formulated wherein FO (control diet) was completely replaced with either soybean oil (SO) or BSLO, and an additional BSLO-based diet supplemented with 1.5% bile acid (BSLO + BA) were fed to the fish for 10 weeks. Growth performance of the BSLO fed group was similar ( > 0.05) to that of the FO and SO fed groups, however, the fish fed BSLO + BA diet registered the lowest growth ( < 0.05). Oil sources did not ( > 0.05) affect the major nutrient content of whole-body, however, the fatty acid composition of the muscle and liver was influenced ( < 0.05), with the highest 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acid detected in BSLO or BSLO + BA fed trout compared to the others ( < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) or total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in muscle among the groups, whereas, the highest EPA:DHA and n-3:n-6 ratios were detected in the FO group. Gene expression for fatty acid binding protein () fatty acid synthase (), and Δ5 desaturase in the liver was lower in FO ( < 0.05), while BSLO + BA registered the highest Δ6 expression ( = 0.006). Supplementation of BA in the BSLO diet increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the other groups ( < 0.05). In conclusion, BSLO could serve as a substitute for FO and SO in rainbow trout diet without negatively impacting growth performance, whole-body composition and nutrient retention, and modulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout.
鱼油的替代来源是水产养殖中的主要问题之一；因此，本研究的目的是检验昆虫（黑水虻幼虫）油（BSLO）作为虹鳟幼鱼（初始平均体重为32±0.15克）饲料中鱼/豆油潜在替代品的可能性。配制了四种饲料，其中鱼油（对照饲料）完全被豆油（SO）或BSLO替代，另外一种以BSLO为基础的饲料添加了1.5%的胆汁酸（BSLO+BA），并投喂给鱼10周。投喂BSLO组的生长性能与投喂鱼油和豆油组相似（P>0.05），然而，投喂BSLO+BA饲料的鱼生长最慢（P<0.05）。油源对鱼体主要营养成分没有影响（P>0.05），但是，肌肉和肝脏的脂肪酸组成受到影响（P<0.05），与其他组相比，投喂BSLO或BSLO+BA的虹鳟中检测到的14:0、16:0和总饱和脂肪酸含量最高（P<0.001）。各组肌肉中二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸（EPA+DHA）或总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量没有显著差异，而鱼油组检测到的EPA:DHA和n-3:n-6比值最高。鱼油组肝脏中脂肪酸结合蛋白、脂肪酸合酶和Δ5去饱和酶的基因表达较低（P<0.05），而BSLO+BA组的Δ6表达最高（P=0.006）。与其他组相比，在BSLO饲料中添加胆汁酸可提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性（P<0.05）。总之，BSLO可以替代虹鳟饲料中的鱼油和豆油，而不会对生长性能、鱼体组成和营养保留产生负面影响，并能调节虹鳟脂肪酸代谢相关基因的表达。
