Xu Zicong, Wu Yihong, Hu Junjie, Mei Zhaozhao, Zhao Yutong, Yang Keda, Shi Yi, Xu Xiaoling
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China.
College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, PR China.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 5;10(20):e38900. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38900. eCollection 2024 Oct 30.
The development of effective cancer treatments is a popular in contemporary medical research. Immunotherapy, the fourth most common cancer treatment method, relies on activating autoimmune function to eradicate tumors and exhibits advantages such as a good curative effect and few side effects. In recent years, tumor vaccines that activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway are being actively researched in the field of immunotherapy; however, their application is still limited because of the rapid clearance rate of tumor-related lymph nodes and low efficiency of antigen presentation. The rise of nanomedicine has provided new opportunities for solving these problems. By preparing materials with adjuvant effects nanoparticles, the small size of nanoparticles can be exploited to enable the entry of vaccines into tumor-related lymph nodes to accurately deliver STING agonists and activate the immune response. Based on this, this paper reviews various types of nano-adjuvants based on metals, platinum chemotherapy drugs, camptothecin derivatives, deoxyribonucleic acid, etc. and highlights the transformation prospects of these nano-adjuvants in tumor vaccines to provide a reference for promoting the development of nano-medicine and tumor vaccinology.
有效的癌症治疗方法的开发是当代医学研究中的一个热门领域。免疫疗法作为第四大常见的癌症治疗方法，依靠激活自身免疫功能来根除肿瘤，具有疗效好、副作用少等优点。近年来，激活干扰素基因（STING）通路的肿瘤疫苗在免疫治疗领域受到积极研究；然而，由于肿瘤相关淋巴结的清除率高和抗原呈递效率低，其应用仍然受到限制。纳米医学的兴起为解决这些问题提供了新的机遇。通过制备具有佐剂作用的纳米颗粒材料，可以利用纳米颗粒的小尺寸使疫苗进入肿瘤相关淋巴结，从而准确递送STING激动剂并激活免疫反应。基于此，本文综述了基于金属、铂类化疗药物、喜树碱衍生物、脱氧核糖核酸等的各类纳米佐剂，并着重介绍了这些纳米佐剂在肿瘤疫苗中的转化前景，为推动纳米医学和肿瘤疫苗学的发展提供参考。
