Ayala-García Amaya, Serra Laura, Rodriguez-Arjona Dolors, Benavides Fernando G, Utzet Mireia
Centre for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.
Psychooncology. 2024 Dec;33(12):e70036. doi: 10.1002/pon.70036.
The aim of this study was to examine the themes acting as barriers or facilitators, from diagnosis and sickness absence (SA) to RTW and work retention, after a cancer-related SA from the perspectives of all stakeholders in the Spanish setting.
Descriptive qualitative approach with a socio-constructivist perspective. Theoretical sampling was carried out until saturation. Six discussion groups (4-8 people/group) were conducted: three groups of people with a cancer-related SA in Catalonia (Spain), one with oncology care professionals, and two with company representatives. An additional individual interview was conducted with a primary care physician. The sessions were held virtually and were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis and mixed coding.
Barriers to RTW and work retention detected by stakeholders included insufficient information and guidance on the impact of cancer on work and SA management, lack of general knowledge and recognition of side effects, lack of consideration of job tasks by medical tribunals, and working in precarious employment. Facilitators included workplace support, psycho-oncologists, patient associations, and working for a public company.
Both work interruption due to an SA and RTW, are key moments for determining cancer survivors' work retention. We found a general perception of lack of involvement of the social security system, companies, and health professionals in Spain in the impact of cancer on work.
Integrating the work sphere in cancer care from the beginning of cancer treatment, and by all stakeholders, could facilitate successful future RTW.
本研究旨在从西班牙背景下所有利益相关者的角度，探讨从癌症相关病假（SA）的诊断到重返工作岗位（RTW）及工作保留过程中，作为障碍或促进因素的主题。
采用具有社会建构主义视角的描述性定性方法。进行理论抽样直至饱和。开展了六个讨论小组（每组4 - 8人）：三组是西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区患有癌症相关病假的人员，一组是肿瘤护理专业人员，两组是公司代表。还对一名初级保健医生进行了单独访谈。会议以虚拟方式举行，并进行记录、逐字转录，采用主题分析和混合编码进行分析。
利益相关者发现的重返工作岗位和工作保留的障碍包括：关于癌症对工作和病假管理影响的信息和指导不足；对副作用的一般知识和认识缺乏；医学法庭未考虑工作任务；以及从事不稳定工作。促进因素包括工作场所支持、心理肿瘤学家、患者协会以及为上市公司工作。
因病假导致的工作中断和重返工作岗位都是决定癌症幸存者工作保留的关键时刻。我们发现西班牙的社会保障系统、公司和卫生专业人员普遍认为在癌症对工作的影响方面缺乏参与。
从癌症治疗开始，所有利益相关者将工作领域纳入癌症护理，可能有助于未来成功重返工作岗位。
