Li Yuxiang, Li Yanping, Lin Guobin, Hua Yongyou, Zhang Wenting, Lin Honglin
Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Fujian Academy of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research), No. 386, Chong'an Road, Jinan District, Fuzhou, 350012, Fujian, China.
Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian, China.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jan;417(3):599-613. doi: 10.1007/s00216-024-05670-6. Epub 2024 Dec 7.
The widespread use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics may lead to treatment failures, increased resistance to antibiotics, and even the encouragement of the formation of superbugs. Fraudulent herbal medicines that actually contain unlabeled active ingredients are a global problem. Therefore, streamlined and accurate analytical techniques that can identify and quantify a variety of antimicrobials in suspected illegal products are required. In the present work, we developed a sensitive, robust, and accurate method that involves multi-step extraction, EMR-lipid-based pass-through cleanup, and UHPLC-Q/HRMS with an orbital ion trap instrument analysis for the simultaneous detection of ten illicit antifungal drugs (flucytosine, fluconazole, ketoconazole, naftifine hydrochloride, griseofulvin, bifonazole, econazole nitrate, elubiol, clotrimazole, and miconazole nitrate) in herbal disinfection products. This validated method was then applied to 210 authentic samples, resulting in 25% of the samples being positive for the drugs. The results suggested the need to strengthen controls in this field to detect illicit antifungal drugs in herbal bacteriostatic products, which represents a potential health risk for the consumer. On a global scale, more and more frequent routine monitoring is being carried out in this area. This study provides valuable insights into large-scale complex sample chemical profiling, and the method developed appears to be promising and applicable for high-throughput routine multiple antibiotic analysis in a complex sample matrix.
使用低于治疗剂量的抗生素可能会导致治疗失败、增加对抗生素的耐药性，甚至助长超级细菌的形成。实际含有未标明活性成分的假冒草药是一个全球性问题。因此，需要有简化且准确的分析技术，能够识别和定量疑似非法产品中的多种抗菌药物。在本研究中，我们开发了一种灵敏、稳健且准确的方法，该方法包括多步萃取、基于EMR-脂质的在线净化，以及使用轨道离子阱仪器的超高效液相色谱-四极杆/高分辨质谱联用技术，用于同时检测草药消毒产品中的十种非法抗真菌药物（氟胞嘧啶、氟康唑、酮康唑、盐酸萘替芬、灰黄霉素、联苯苄唑、硝酸益康唑、益康唑、克霉唑和硝酸咪康唑）。然后将这种经过验证的方法应用于210个真实样品，结果显示25%的样品药物检测呈阳性。结果表明需要加强该领域的管控，以检测草药抑菌产品中的非法抗真菌药物，这对消费者构成潜在的健康风险。在全球范围内，该领域正在进行越来越频繁的常规监测。本研究为大规模复杂样品的化学剖析提供了有价值的见解，所开发的方法似乎很有前景，适用于复杂样品基质中的高通量常规多种抗生素分析。
