Fusco William, Bricca Ludovica, Kaitsas Francesco, Tartaglia Maria Francesca, Venturini Irene, Rugge Massimo, Gasbarrini Antonio, Cammarota Giovanni, Ianiro Gianluca
Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Department of Medicine - DIMED, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2024 Sep;72:101941. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101941. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer, with a significant burden on healthcare and social systems. Its incidence is constantly rising, due to the spread of unhealthy lifestyle, i.e. Western diet. Increasing evidence suggests that westernization-driven microbiome alterations may play a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The current screening strategies for this neoplasm, mainly fecal immunochemical tests, are burdened by unsatisfactory accuracy. Novel, non-invasive biomarkers are rising as the new frontier of colorectal cancer screening, and the microbiome-based ones are showing positive and optimistic results. This Review describes our current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, from its pathogenetic action to its clinical potential as diagnostic biomarker.
结直肠癌是第三大常见癌症类型，给医疗保健和社会系统带来了沉重负担。由于不健康生活方式（即西方饮食）的传播，其发病率持续上升。越来越多的证据表明，西方化驱动的微生物群改变可能在结直肠癌的发生过程中起关键作用。目前针对这种肿瘤的筛查策略，主要是粪便免疫化学检测，其准确性不尽人意。新型非侵入性生物标志物正成为结直肠癌筛查的新前沿，基于微生物群的生物标志物显示出积极且乐观的结果。本综述描述了我们目前对肠道微生物群在结直肠癌中的作用的认识，从其致病作用到作为诊断生物标志物的临床潜力。
