Zhao He, Lv Yayun, Xu Jiasen, Song Xiaoyu, Wang Qi, Zhai Xiaoyu, Ma Xiaohui, Qiu Jingjing, Cui Limei, Sun Yan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interaction and Regulation, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China.
Ageing Res Rev. 2025 Feb;104:102636. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102636. Epub 2024 Dec 6.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a group of neurological disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, leading to cognitive and behavioral impairments. Despite significant research advancements, there is currently no definitive cure for NDDs. With global aging on the rise, the burden of these diseases is becoming increasingly severe, highlighting the urgency of understanding their pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Microglia, specialized macrophages in the central nervous system, play a dual role in maintaining neural homeostasis. They are involved in clearing cellular debris and apoptotic cells, but in their activated state, they release inflammatory factors that contribute significantly to neuroinflammation. The complement system (CS), a critical component of the innate immune system, assists in clearing damaged cells and proteins. However, excessive or uncontrolled activation of the CS can lead to chronic neuroinflammation, exacerbating neuronal damage. This review aims to explore the roles of microglia and the CS in the progression of NDDs, with a specific focus on the mechanisms through which the CS activates microglia by modulating mitochondrial function. Understanding these interactions may provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for mitigating neuroinflammation and slowing neurodegeneration.
神经退行性疾病（NDDs）是一组以神经元结构和功能进行性丧失为特征的神经系统疾病，可导致认知和行为障碍。尽管在研究方面取得了重大进展，但目前尚无针对NDDs的确切治愈方法。随着全球老龄化加剧，这些疾病的负担日益加重，凸显了了解其发病机制并制定有效治疗策略的紧迫性。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中的特殊巨噬细胞，在维持神经内环境稳定方面发挥着双重作用。它们参与清除细胞碎片和凋亡细胞，但在其激活状态下，会释放对神经炎症有显著贡献的炎性因子。补体系统（CS）是先天免疫系统的关键组成部分，有助于清除受损细胞和蛋白质。然而，CS的过度或不受控制的激活可导致慢性神经炎症，加剧神经元损伤。本综述旨在探讨小胶质细胞和CS在NDDs进展中的作用，特别关注CS通过调节线粒体功能激活小胶质细胞的机制。了解这些相互作用可能为减轻神经炎症和减缓神经退行性变的潜在治疗靶点提供见解。
