Li Cheng, Han Tianjiao, Zhong Peiyun, Zhang Yuyang, Zhao Tong, Wang Shukai, Wang Xiaoqin, Tian Yang, Gong Guiping, Liu Yuxia, Huang Linjuan, Lu Yu, Wang Zhongfu
Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Carbohydr Polym. 2025 Feb 15;350:123049. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.123049. Epub 2024 Nov 23.
The nutritious goat milk has low allergenicity. Oligosaccharides represent one of the crucial functional constituents in goat milk, which are structurally similar to human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Currently, the anti-allergic activity of GMOs has not been reported. In this study, GMOs were efficiently separated into neutral (NGMOs) and sialylated (SGMOs) fractions, following by qualitative and quantitative analysis at the isomer level using online LC-MS/MS. Fifteen NGMOs and 28 SGMOs were detected in goat milk, with 10 SGMOs reported for the first time. Distinctly, α2,6-linked SGMOs were 3.9 times more abundant in goat milk than in bovine milk, with the total relative content of 6'SL, 3'SLN and 6'NGL in SGMOs approach to 60%, which is more similar to HMOs. Orally administering GMOs, especially α2,6-linked sialylated oligosaccharides, significantly alleviated food allergy in ovalbumin-induced BALB/c mice. SGMOs restored the balance of Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, reconstructed the intestinal mucosal barrier, especially restored the levels of fucosylation, sialylation, and sulfation of mucin O-glycans, increased the expression of four core type 2 O-glycans (F1H2N2, F2H2N2, S1F2H2N2, and A1F1H2N2) significantly. This is the first comprehensive study of the anti-allergic activity of GMOs, and the results lay the foundation for the development of GMOs-based natural anti-allergic components.
营养丰富的山羊奶具有低致敏性。低聚糖是山羊奶中的关键功能成分之一，其结构与母乳低聚糖（HMOs）相似。目前，山羊奶低聚糖（GMOs）的抗过敏活性尚未见报道。在本研究中，GMOs被高效分离为中性（NGMOs）和唾液酸化（SGMOs）组分，随后使用在线液相色谱 - 串联质谱在异构体水平进行定性和定量分析。在山羊奶中检测到15种NGMOs和28种SGMOs，其中10种SGMOs为首次报道。明显地，α2,6连接的SGMOs在山羊奶中的含量比牛奶中高3.9倍，SGMOs中6'SL、3'SLN和6'NGL的总相对含量接近60%，这与HMOs更为相似。口服GMOs，尤其是α2,6连接的唾液酸化低聚糖，可显著减轻卵清蛋白诱导的BALB/c小鼠的食物过敏。SGMOs恢复了毛螺菌科、丹毒丝菌科和拟杆菌科的平衡，重建了肠道黏膜屏障，特别是恢复了粘蛋白O - 聚糖的岩藻糖基化、唾液酸化和硫酸化水平，显著增加了四种核心2型O - 聚糖（F1H2N2、F2H2N2、S1F2H2N2和A1F1H2N2）的表达。这是首次对GMOs的抗过敏活性进行全面研究，研究结果为基于GMOs的天然抗过敏成分的开发奠定了基础。
