Kong Qingle, Xiao Jiayu, Shiroishi Mark S, Sheikh-Bahaei Nasim, Cen Steven Y, Khatibi Kasra, Mack William J, Ye Jason C, Kim Paul E, Bi Xiaoming, Saloner David, Yang Qi, Chang Eric, Fan Zhaoyang
Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Magn Reson Med. 2025 May;93(5):1911-1923. doi: 10.1002/mrm.30391. Epub 2024 Dec 8.
To develop and validate a 3D turbo spin-echo (TSE)-compatible approach to enhancing black-blood (BB) effects while preserving T weighting and overall SNR.
Following the excitation RF pulse, a 180° RF pulse sandwiched by a pair of flow-sensitive dephasing (FSD) gradient pulses in the phase- (y) and partition-encoding (z) directions, respectively, is added. The polarity of FSD gradients in z direction is toggled every TR, achieving an interleaved FSD (iFSD) configuration in y-z plane. The technique was optimized and evaluated in 18 healthy volunteers and 32 patients with neurovascular disease or brain metastases. Comparisons were made among TSE with and without one of BB preparations: iFSD, delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation, and motion-sensitized driven equilibrium.
iFSD-TSE achieved the best blood flow suppression indicated by venous sinus SNR and parenchyma-to-sinus contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). iFSD-TSE yielded slightly lower white matter SNR (106.6 ± 32.9) and white-to-gray matter CNR (27.3 ± 8.1) compared to TSE (111.4 ± 31.5 and 28.6 ± 8.8), which were significantly higher than those of delay alternating with nutation for tailored excitation-prepared TSE (84.3 ± 25.0 and 16.8 ± 4.8) and motion-sensitized driven equilibrium-prepared TSE (77.3 ± 26.6 and 15.9 ± 5.3). At the neurovascular wall lesions, iFSD-TSE yielded the highest wall-to-lumen CNR among the three sequences with a BB preparation, all of which significantly outperformed TSE. iFSD-TSE effectively suppressed slow-flow artifacts that otherwise mimicked an atherosclerotic lesion or strongly contrast-enhancing vessel wall. In diagnosing brain metastases, iFSD allowed for highest inter-reader agreement (κ 0.75) and shortest reading time.
iFSD is a promising approach compatible with 3D TSE for robust blood flow suppression and preserved T weighting and overall SNR.
开发并验证一种与三维快速自旋回波（TSE）兼容的方法，以增强黑血（BB）效应，同时保持T加权和整体信噪比。
在激发射频脉冲之后，添加一个180°射频脉冲，该脉冲分别被一对位于相位（y）和分区编码（z）方向的血流敏感去相位（FSD）梯度脉冲夹在中间。z方向上FSD梯度的极性在每个重复时间（TR）切换，在y-z平面实现交错FSD（iFSD）配置。该技术在18名健康志愿者和32名患有神经血管疾病或脑转移瘤的患者中进行了优化和评估。对有和没有以下一种BB制剂的TSE进行了比较：iFSD、用于定制激发的延迟交替与章动、运动敏感驱动平衡。
iFSD-TSE实现了最佳的血流抑制，以静脉窦信噪比和实质与窦的对比噪声比（CNR）表示。与TSE（111.4±31.5和28.6±8.8）相比，iFSD-TSE产生的白质信噪比（106.6±32.9）和白质与灰质CNR（27.3±8.1）略低，显著高于用于定制激发的延迟交替与章动准备的TSE（84.3±25.0和16.8±4.8）以及运动敏感驱动平衡准备的TSE（77.3±26.6和15.9±5.3）。在神经血管壁病变处，iFSD-TSE在三种有BB制剂的序列中产生了最高的壁与腔CNR，所有这些序列均显著优于TSE。iFSD-TSE有效抑制了否则会模仿动脉粥样硬化病变或强烈对比增强血管壁的慢血流伪影。在诊断脑转移瘤时，iFSD实现了最高的阅片者间一致性（κ 0.75）和最短的阅片时间。
iFSD是一种与三维TSE兼容的有前景的方法，可实现强大的血流抑制，并保持T加权和整体信噪比。
