Cui Zhijun, Li Shijie, Liang Aimin, Huang Hongmei, Ni Xin
Department of Child Health Care Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Pediatr. 2024 Nov 22;12:1480488. doi: 10.3389/fped.2024.1480488. eCollection 2024.
To explore whether the motor developmental level is associated with the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms severity reported by parents in preschool children.
Preschool children aged 4-6 years old with the chief complaint of reported inattention or hyperactivity by kindergarten teachers or parents were recruited in this study. All participants were consulted by at least one experienced developmental behavior pediatrician, according to DSM-V diagnostic criteria of ADHD. Their neuromotor developments were assessed by the Children's Neuropsychological and Behavior Scale and recorded as developmental quotient (DQ) score in gross motor, fine motor, and other domains. Regarding the evaluation of ADHD symptoms, parents of the 4-year-old group completed the Conners' Parent Symptom Questionnaire, while parents of the 5-year-old group completed The Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale.
A total of 137 preschool children aged 4-4.9 years (4-year-old group) and 252 were aged 5.0-5.9 years (5-year-old group) were included in the study. Children exhibiting ADHD symptoms were at a much higher risk of fine motor delays compared to gross motor delays, particularly among the younger age group. Correlation analysis and hierarchical regression showed that in the 4-year-old ADHD group, better gross motor development was associated with increased severity of parent-reported ADHD symptoms. In the 5-year-old ADHD group, poorer fine motor development was linked to higher ADHD symptom severity. For children who do not meet ADHD diagnostic criteria, no significant correlations were found between gross or fine motor developmental quotients (DQ) and the severity of ADHD symptoms.
Preschool children exhibiting ADHD symptoms are at a notable high risk of fine motor delays. Motor development in preschool children who meet ADHD diagnostic criteria is related to the severity of their symptoms. It is important to monitor both fine and gross motor development in preschool children with ADHD.
探讨学龄前儿童的运动发育水平是否与家长报告的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）症状严重程度相关。
本研究招募了以幼儿园教师或家长报告注意力不集中或多动为主要诉求的4-6岁学龄前儿童。所有参与者均根据ADHD的DSM-V诊断标准，由至少一名经验丰富的发育行为儿科医生进行会诊。通过儿童神经心理与行为量表评估他们的神经运动发育情况，并记录为大运动、精细运动和其他领域的发育商（DQ）得分。关于ADHD症状的评估，4岁组儿童的家长完成了康纳斯父母症状问卷，而5岁组儿童的家长完成了范德比尔特ADHD诊断家长评定量表。
本研究共纳入137名4-4.9岁的学龄前儿童（4岁组）和252名5.0-5.9岁的学龄前儿童（5岁组）。与大运动发育迟缓相比，表现出ADHD症状的儿童出现精细运动发育迟缓的风险要高得多，尤其是在较年幼的年龄组中。相关分析和分层回归显示，在4岁的ADHD组中，较好的大运动发育与家长报告的ADHD症状严重程度增加有关。在5岁的ADHD组中，较差的精细运动发育与较高的ADHD症状严重程度相关。对于不符合ADHD诊断标准的儿童，未发现大运动或精细运动发育商（DQ）与ADHD症状严重程度之间存在显著相关性。
表现出ADHD症状的学龄前儿童出现精细运动发育迟缓的风险显著较高。符合ADHD诊断标准的学龄前儿童的运动发育与他们症状的严重程度有关。监测患有ADHD的学龄前儿童的精细和大运动发育情况很重要。
